Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 1

Phospholipids, sterols, and glycolipids

Question 2

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

Barrier, hold intracellular components, cell communication, import/export molecules, and cell growth/motility

Question 3

What do pure phospholipids form?

Answer 3

Liposomes

Question 4

Which organelles contain a lipid bilayer?

Answer 4

Golgi 
ER
Vesicles
Lysosomes 
Peroxisomes

Question 5

Which organelles contain a double membrane?

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Question 6

The light microscope allows you to see what?

Answer 6

The internal structures of the cell

Question 7

Fluorescent microscope does what?

Answer 7

Allows you to see different cell structures in different colors based on the antibody that is used to tag that component.

Question 8

What is the Pan Cadherin Antibody?

Answer 8

It allows one to tag the borders of the cells where Cadherin molecules are located. Cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that is found between cells

Question 9

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 9

It describes the evolution of mitochondria. Stating that they evolved from engulfed bacteria into a eukaryotic cell. Same with Chloroplast and prokaryotes.

Question 10

Characteristics of Mitochondria

Answer 10

Smooth outer membrane and highly convoluted inner membrane
DNA - 37 genes (all essential for normal function)
ATP production

Question 11

Characteristics of rER

Answer 11

most extensive membrane system - flat stacks of membranes
studded with ribosomes that are activating proteins and distributing throughout the ribosomal membrane
highly functional cells have a lot of ER
synthesize proteins and lipids

Question 12

Characteristics of the Golgi

Answer 12

flattened sacs of membrane stacked layers
Proteins and lipids are modified and sorted here
cargo sorted and budded to specific locations

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

• Network of protein filaments that gives the cell its shape
• prominent in large and structurally complex eukaryotes
• responsible for large scale movement of cells, contraction of muscle cells
• wounds, sperm, and muscles
• controls location of the organelles that conduct specialized function of cell

Question 14

Similarities across species

Answer 14

• conservation of genes across species (Yeast,,,Human,,,,Fly
• Adaptations to rapidly changing environments (Darwin) and adaptation to new environments
• No real creation of new structures in the cell, nut old ones can be adapted to new identities based on functional needs

Question 15

Ribosomal subunits are made where?

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 16

Holes on the nuclear membrane that allow communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and import/export of nuclear proteins

Question 17

What are lysosomes?

Answer 17

Disposal and recycling center

Question 18

What are Lamins?

Answer 18

Intermediate filaments of the nucleus

Question 19

Myostatin mutations

Answer 19

Myostatin normally inhibits the growth and proliferation of myoblast that form skeletal muscle. A mutation allows excessive growth of skeletal muscle

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Controls cell growth and replication

Question 21

Chromosomes

Answer 21

house cellular DNA

Question 22

Centrioles

Answer 22

help to organize the assembly of microtubules

Question 23

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 23

aid in cellular locomotion

Question 24

Peroxisome

Answer 24

detoxifying alcohol, form bile acid, and break down fats,