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M&C 1B > Cell Adhesion > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

What is a inter cellular junction?

A

Protein complexes at specific sites of the cell membranes

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2
Q

Organized contacts of cells with one another involves?

A 
Adhesion 
Define cellular domains 
Control permeability 
Intracellular signaling 
Intercellular communication/signal transmission
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3
Q

Organized contact between cells and extracellular matrix involves?

A

Anchoring

Intracellular signaling

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4
Q

What are the components of a inter-cellular junction

A

Transmembrane (adhesive portion)
Cytoplasmic (adapter portion)
Cytoskeletal filament

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5
Q

What are the two arrangements inter-cellular junctions can take?

A

Macula: patch like junction of limited content
Zonula: junction which encircles the entire cell

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6
Q

Junctional complex and Intercalated disc are examples of what?

A

Junctional combinations

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7
Q

What are the different types of junctions?

A 
Gap junction (communicating) 
Tight junction (occluding, zonula occludens)
Adherens Junction
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8
Q

Adherens juntions can be further divided into two more catagories. What are they

A

Cells attaching to other cells

Cells attaching to/anchoring in the extracellular matrix

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9
Q

Cells attaching to other cells involves?

A

Adhering juntion - zonula adherens

Desmosome - macula adherens

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10
Q

Cells anchoring to extracellular matrix involves?

A

Hemidesmosomes

Focal adhesions

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11
Q

What is a Gap junction?

A

Plaque like junction

Connects cell membranes neighboring cells close together; intercellular space only 2-3nm

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12
Q

Where can Gap junctions be found?

A

In all basic tissue types

Common in epithelial cells, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle cells, neuronal cells, and osteocytes

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13
Q

What is the intergral membrane protein for Gap junctions?

A

Connexin - different members of connexin family result in difference in permeability

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14
Q

What is a connexon?

A

connexins joining together to form a connexin hemichannel

- has to central channels (2nm)

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15
Q

What is a hydrophilic channel?

A

This is formed when one connexon of one cells connects to connexons in adjacent cells

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16
Q

How is a Gap junction formed?

A

alignment of ten to hundreds of connexon pairs hexagonally packed

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17
Q

What are the channels formed by Gap junctions?

A

Gap junctions form aqueous channels between cytoplasm of adjacent cells where passage of small signaling molecules and ions pass.
Connected cells are electrically coupled to coordinate response to stimuli

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18
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

Junctions that anastamose strands of adhesive transmembrane proteins
Linear series of contacts to proteins of adjacent cell
Intracellular spae obliterated at contact site
encircles the entire cell

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19
Q

Where are tight junctions typically found?

A

found close to the apical end of cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells

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20
Q

What are the transmembrane proteins for tight junction called?

A

They are members of the claudin family (4 pass membrane proteins)
Also occludin, junctional adhesive molecule

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21
Q

How do transmembrane adhesive molecules typically interact?

A

Interact homotypically with proteins in adjacent cell

Interact with some cytoplasmic proteins; kinases, transcription factors, cell polarity-related proteins

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22
Q

Which filament is associated with Tght junctions?

A

Actin

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23
Q

What is the functions of tight junctions?

A

They inhibit/control movement of ions and small molecules in intercellular space
Movement of membrane proteins is limited
Cell adhesion

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24
Q

The tightness (permiability) of a tight junction is based on?

A

Depends on the number of junctional strands, their completeness, and type of adhesive protein

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25
Q

What is a adherens junction?

A

hold cells together or attach/anchored to extracellular matrix
Intercellular space between attached cells: 20nm wide at location of adhesive junction

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26
Q

What are adhesive junctions are typically involved in?

A

intra - cellular signaling ( nuclear transcription, tumor suppression, differentiation)

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27
Q

Deficiency in adheren junctions can cause what?

A

Loss of contact to adjacent cells or extracellular matrix may trigger apoptosis or result in loss of polarity

28
Q

Cell to cell adhesive junctions?

A
  • Transmembrane adhesive proteins members of cadherin (calcium ion dependent proteins) family
  • Cytoplasmic adapter proteins members of the catenin family
29
Q

Cell to EXM adhesive junction?

A

Similar to cell to cell but transmembrane proteins members of integrin family (heterodimers with alpha and beta subunits)

30
Q

What are characteristics of adheren junctions?

A

On the cytoplasmic face - electron-lucent intracellular space and “fuzzy” plaque
Encircles entire cell (zonula)
Contribute to adhesive force between one and another
Support apical domain of epithelial cell
Intracellular signaling

31
Q

Which cytockeletal element are adheren junctions associated with?

A

Actin (continuous with apical terminal web)

32
Q

Where are adheren junctions typically found?

A

found basal to tight junction zonula in epithelial cells

33
Q

What is the transmembrane adhesive protein for Adheren junctions?

A

E-cadherin (nectin)

34
Q

What is the cytoplaasmic adapter protein for adherin junctions?

A

alpha and beta - cadherin (p120 catenin, afadin, vinculin, and apla actinin)

35
Q

What do the Catenins interact with?

A

The cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane proteins, cytoskeletal protein, and other cytoplasmic proteins

36
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Disk shaped adhesive junctions (macula)
electron dense cytoplasmic attachment plaque
Intercellular space (30nm/wider that ZA) filed with highly ordered proteins

37
Q

Where are desmosomes found?

A

basal to zonula adherens in epithelial cells in bands encircling cell as well as scattered over lateral cell surface.
Common in may types of tissues

38
Q

What are the transmembrane adhesive proteins for desmosome?

A

(cadherins) – desmoglein, desmocolin

39
Q

The electron dense line in desmosomes is formed by?

A

The interaction of cadherin from adjacent cells

Located in intracellular space

40
Q

What are the cytoplasmic adapter proteins of desmosomes?

A

(catenins) - desmoplakin, plakoglobin, plakophilin

41
Q

What is the cytoplasmic element associated with desmosomes>

A 
Intermediate filaments (anchoring in catenin plaques) 
Type depends on tissue type 
Provide firm adhesion among cells
42
Q

What is a junctional complex?

A

Symetrical structures formed between adjacent cells and consist of three parts?

43
Q

What are the three parts of a junctional complex?

A
  1. A band of tight junctions (TJ) - forming an occluding zone in the top protion
  2. a band of anchoring junctions in the middle position (zonula adherins/ZA
  3. a circle of spot desmosomes (DES) in the bottom position (macula adherens)
44
Q

Where are junctional complexes found?

A

cardiac muscle - intercalated disc

45
Q

What is the basil lamina/basement membrane?

A

Sheet like arrangement of extracellular matrix proteins (ca. 20-100 nm wide)

46
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A 
bind epithelium to underlying connective tissue and provid metabolic support 
Filters material (barrier funciton) 
controls epithelial growth and differentiatio; prevents downward epithelial growth
47
Q

Where are basement membranes found?

A

epithelial tissue, muscle cells, and nerve fibers

48
Q

What are the components of the basement membrane?

A 
Hepara sulfate 
Collagen Type IV
Fibrinectin 
Lamin 
Entactin 
Collagen Type III
Collagen Type VII
49
Q

What are the layers to the basement membrane?

A

Lamina lucida
Lamina densa
Lamina fibroreticularis

50
Q

What is a hemidesmosome?

A

Provides tight anchoring of epithelial cells to the basal lamina and underlying connective tissue
Plaque like adhesive junction morphologically similar to a half-desmosome

51
Q

What do hemidesmosomes form?

A

The basal side of certain epithelial cells in zone of contact with basal lamina

52
Q

what is the transmembrane adhesive protein of hemidesmosomes?

A

integrin (alpha6beta4)

53
Q

what do integrin bind?

A

bind to basal lamina glycoprotein laminin

54
Q

What is the cytoplasmic adapter protein for hemidesmosomes?

A

bulbous pemphigoid antigen 230; p-lectin

55
Q

What forms the dense plaque in hemidesmosomes?

A

Cytoplasmic proteins

56
Q

What is the cytoskeletal element associated with hemidesmosomes?

A

intermediate filaments (anchoring in plaque)

57
Q

What are focal adhesion?

A

Dynamic assembly of many different (more than 50) proteins

58
Q

What are the functions of focal adhesions?

A

Provide linage of cell to ECM

Intracellular signaling

59
Q

What is the transmembrane adhesive protein involved with focal adhesion?

A

Integrin heterodimers

60
Q

What are the cytoplasmic adapter proteins involved with focal adhesion?

A

alpha-actin, vinculin, talin

61
Q

What is the cytoskeletal element associated with focal adhesion?

A

Actin

62
Q

Which ECM proteins fo intergrins bind to?

A

fibronectin, laminin, collagen

63
Q

Genetic abnormalities or autoimmune response of transmembrane proteins affect what?

A

Function, differentiation, and development of cells

64
Q

Connexin mutation causes what?

A

deafness
cataracts
Charcol-Marie-Tooth demyelinating disease
Occulodentaldigital dysplasia

65
Q

What is Epidermoysis bullous?

A

Linked to mutations of genes for desmosomal, hemidesmosomal, and intermediate filament proteins

66
Q

What is Pemphigus vulgarus?

A

Autoimmune disease affecting oral mucosa due to production of antibodies to cadherins and desmosomes

M&C 1B (7 decks)

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