cell structure and function Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

functions of the cell

A

basic unit of life
protection, support
allows muscles to contract
allows for heat production
contains rna/dna copies

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2
Q

plasma membrane purpose

A

determines what moves in/out of the cell, maintains membrane potential

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3
Q

plasma membrane components

A

glycolipids
glycoproteins

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4
Q

membrane lipids

A

determine the structure of plasma membrane

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5
Q

lipid bilayer

A

component of the plasma membrane consisting of hydrophilic polar and hydrophobic nonpolar heads

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6
Q

what determines the fluid nature of the membrane

A

cholesterol

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7
Q

membrane proteins

A

determines some function of the membrane, can be integral/intrinsic or peripheral/extrinsic

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8
Q

peripheral/extrinsic

A

refers to the membrane protein attaching to the outer/inner surfaces of the bilayer, peripheral usually attached to intrinsic

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9
Q

marker molecules

A

type of membrane protein that allows cells to id one another and other molecules

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9
Q

integral/intrinsic

A

refers to the membrane protein stretching from one surface to the other

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10
Q

attachment site

A

membrane proteins that anchor to other cells or extracellular molecules

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11
Q

channel proteins

A

membrane proteins that form passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific molecules/ions to pass through

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12
Q

receptors

A

membrane proteins that function as binding sites for chemical signals in the extracellular membrane

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13
Q

carrier

A

membrane protein that move ions through the plasma membrane

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14
Q

enzymes

A

membrane proteins that catalyze chem rxns inside/outside the cell

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15
Q

diffusion

A

movement of solutes from high to low concentration in a solution

16
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

16
Q

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

A

iso=neutral
hyper=shrinks
hypo=swells

17
Q

filtration

A

movement from side of greater pressure to side of lesser pressure

18
Q

mediated transport mechanisms

A

involve the use of carrier proteins

19
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

type of mediated transport where carrier proteins move the substance w/out the use of atp

20
Q

active transport

A

type of mediated transport where atp powered pumps bind to substances and move them along the membrane

21
Q

endo/exocytosis

A

endo: internalization of a substance by formulation of a vesicle
exo: excelles accumulated vesicle secretions

22
Q

phago vs pinocytosis

A

phago: breaks molecule into particles
pino: breaks molecule into liquid

23
cytoplasm components
cytosol: fluid portion cytoskeleton: structure, holds organelles cytoplasmic inclusions: chemicals produced/ taken in by the cell
24
centrioles
consist of microtubules, become spindle fibers during mitosis
25
cilia
appendages projecting over cell surfaces that move material over the surface
26
flagella
long, similar to cilia, move in a wavelike fashion
27
microvilli
extension of plasma membrane that increase the cell surface
28
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
29
endoplasmic reticulum
rough: produces/modifies protein smooth: manufactures lipids
30
Golgi apparatus
modifies, packages, distributes protein/lipids (which create lysosomes)
31
peroxisomes/proteasomes
perox: contain enzymes to break down fatty/amino acids protea: large protein complexes that recycle proteins
32
mitochondria
provides energy for the cell, major site of atp synthesis
33
nucleus components
nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus