cell structure and function

Question 1

functions of the cell

Answer 1

basic unit of life
protection, support
allows muscles to contract
allows for heat production
contains rna/dna copies

Question 2

plasma membrane purpose

Answer 2

determines what moves in/out of the cell, maintains membrane potential

Question 3

plasma membrane components

Answer 3

glycolipids
glycoproteins

Question 4

membrane lipids

Answer 4

determine the structure of plasma membrane

Question 5

lipid bilayer

Answer 5

component of the plasma membrane consisting of hydrophilic polar and hydrophobic nonpolar heads

Question 6

what determines the fluid nature of the membrane

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

membrane proteins

Answer 7

determines some function of the membrane, can be integral/intrinsic or peripheral/extrinsic

Question 8

peripheral/extrinsic

Answer 8

refers to the membrane protein attaching to the outer/inner surfaces of the bilayer, peripheral usually attached to intrinsic

Question 9

marker molecules

Answer 9

type of membrane protein that allows cells to id one another and other molecules

Question 9

integral/intrinsic

Answer 9

refers to the membrane protein stretching from one surface to the other

Question 10

attachment site

Answer 10

membrane proteins that anchor to other cells or extracellular molecules

Question 11

channel proteins

Answer 11

membrane proteins that form passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific molecules/ions to pass through

Question 12

receptors

Answer 12

membrane proteins that function as binding sites for chemical signals in the extracellular membrane

Question 13

carrier

Answer 13

membrane protein that move ions through the plasma membrane

Question 14

enzymes

Answer 14

membrane proteins that catalyze chem rxns inside/outside the cell

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

movement of solutes from high to low concentration in a solution

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

Question 16

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Answer 16

iso=neutral
hyper=shrinks
hypo=swells

Question 17

filtration

Answer 17

movement from side of greater pressure to side of lesser pressure

Question 18

mediated transport mechanisms

Answer 18

involve the use of carrier proteins

Question 19

facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

type of mediated transport where carrier proteins move the substance w/out the use of atp

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

type of mediated transport where atp powered pumps bind to substances and move them along the membrane

Question 21

endo/exocytosis

Answer 21

endo: internalization of a substance by formulation of a vesicle
exo: excelles accumulated vesicle secretions

Question 22

phago vs pinocytosis

Answer 22

phago: breaks molecule into particles
pino: breaks molecule into liquid

Question 23

cytoplasm components

Answer 23

cytosol: fluid portion
cytoskeleton: structure, holds organelles
cytoplasmic inclusions: chemicals produced/ taken in by the cell

Question 24

centrioles

Answer 24

consist of microtubules, become spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 25

cilia

Answer 25

appendages projecting over cell surfaces that move material over the surface

Question 26

flagella

Answer 26

long, similar to cilia, move in a wavelike fashion

Question 27

microvilli

Answer 27

extension of plasma membrane that increase the cell surface

Question 28

ribosomes

Answer 28

site of protein synthesis

Question 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

rough: produces/modifies protein
smooth: manufactures lipids

Question 30

Golgi apparatus

Answer 30

modifies, packages, distributes protein/lipids (which create lysosomes)

Question 31

peroxisomes/proteasomes

Answer 31

perox: contain enzymes to break down fatty/amino acids
protea: large protein complexes that recycle proteins

Question 32

mitochondria

Answer 32

provides energy for the cell, major site of atp synthesis

Question 33

nucleus components

Answer 33

nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus