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bio semester 1 > cell structure and function > Flashcards

cell structure and function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

uses lenses and light to magnify images of subjects

A

microscope

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2
Q

all living things are composed of ___

A

cells

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2
Q

eukaryotes have a ___ and can be single or ____ cellular

A

nucleus, multi

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2
Q

how are new cells produced?

A

existing cells

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2
Q

all cells contain what 3 things?

A

genetic material: DNA or RNA
cell membrane: barrier around cell
cytoplasm: fluid filling cell

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2
Q

prokaryote have no ____ , are ____ celled, and is small

A

nucleus, single

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2
Q

the cell membrane has a ____ that regulates entry/exit of cell

A

phospholipid

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like fluid containing organelles

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4
Q

nucleus

A

protects generic material (DNA) and gives intersections to make proteins

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5
Q

what are the 3 main regions of the nucleus?

A

nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus (builds ribosomes)

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6
Q

what is the main function of the cell?

A

build proteins

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7
Q

where are ribosomes built?

A

in nucleolus

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8
Q

what are ribosomes function?

A

make proteins

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9
Q

ribosomes are either ___ or attached to the ___ __

A

floating, rough ER

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10
Q

what do ribosomes attach together to build proteins?

A

amino acids

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11
Q

what is the rough ER covered in?

A

ribosomes

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12
Q

what is the rough ER function?

A

to build and transport proteins

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13
Q

the smooth ER has little ____

A

ribosomes

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14
Q

what is the function of the smooth ER?

A

builds and transports lipids, detoxify harmful chemicals

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15
Q

what are vacuoles and vesicles made of?

A

made of membrane

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16
Q

vacuoles

A

large membrane bound sacs STORING

17
Q

vesicles

A

smaller sacs used to TRANSPORT materials in and out of cell

18
Q

lysosome

A

breaks things downs, digestive enzymes break down food and waste

19
Q

cytoskeleton

A

protein structures help maintain shape of cell and transport material

20
Q

chloroplast is only in ____

A

plant like cells

21
Q

where is the site of photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

22
Q

chloroplast

A

absorbs light to create sugar, contains chlorophyll

23
Q

chlorophyll

A

pigment able to absorb light energy

24
Q

mitochondria takes place where?

A

in both animal and plant like cells

25
Q

mitochondria

A

converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use later

26
Q

Golgi body

A

sorts, modify and package proteins

27
Q

where does the cell wall not take place in?

A

animal cells

28
Q

cell wall

A

supports, shapes, and protects

29
Q

what cell does the cell membrane take place in

A

all cells

30
Q

what substances can pass through the cell membrane?

A

small and non polar

31
Q

non polar

A

not charged

32
Q

polar

A

charged

33
Q

the lipid bilayer has 2 layers of ____

A

phospholipids

34
Q

does passive transport need to have cellular energy?

A

no

35
Q

what is the relationship with passive transport and the concentration gradient?

A

it goes with the concentration gradient

36
Q

diffusion

A

molecules move from higher concentration to area of lower

37
Q

when does it stop going back and forth?

A

continues until equilibrium (equal)

38
Q

what are the 3 types of diffusion?

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated

39
Q

simple diffusion

A

small and non polar molecules, no help needed

40
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water

41
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

large or polar molecule, transports protein

42
Q

hypertonic

A

greater solute

43
Q

hypotonic

A

Lower solute

44
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute

45
Q

what is required for active transport

A

cellular energy

46
Q

does active transport go against or with concentration

A

against

47
Q

solute pumping

A

goes from low to high

bio semester 1 (6 decks)

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