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CMB > CELL STRUCTURE AND DIVISION > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURE AND DIVISION Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general types of cells?

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL AND EUKARYOTIC CELL

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2
Q

It has no nucleus, 16 ribosomes, homogenous cytoplasm and a unicellular cell.

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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3
Q

It has membrane bound nucleus, complex cytoplasm, 18 ribosomes and it is both unicellular and multicellular cell.

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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4
Q

It is the boundary between the outside environment and the inside of the cell that is composed of double layer of phospholipids and embedded proteins.

A

Plasma Membrane

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5
Q

A jelly like material formed by 80% of H2o.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

It is the reason why materials can move in and out of this protected area (nucleus).

A

Nuclear Pores

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5
Q

Cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells consist of:

A

Cytosol
Organelle
Cytoskeleton

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5
Q

It is the liquid portion of cytoplasm.

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

It is a small membrane bound structure with specialized functions.

A

Organelles

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6
Q

An internal system of tiny fibers and microtubules that gives cell shape, structure and motility.

A

Cytoskeleton

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6
Q

The genetic material of eukaryotic cell is composed of:

A

50% DNA
50% Proteins

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6
Q

It contains genetic material of the cell that is why it is considered as the control center “brain” of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

It is a loosely packed form of DNA that allows for easy access for reading using the genetic material.

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

What do you call the basic unit of DNA that organizes a DNA coiled grouping?

A

Nucleosomes

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8
Q

It is a specialized region located in nucleus that is responsible for production of RNA.

A

Nucleolus

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8
Q

It is a tightly packed form of DNA that occurs during cell division.

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

It is the sites of protein synthesis located at the cytoplasm associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosomes

9
Q

A series of fluid filled channels that run through the cytoplasm from nuclear envelop to the plasma membrane.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

9
Q

The ribosomes are embedded outside of this channel. They protein that will be transported either to another side of the cell or out of the cell entirely.

A

Rough ER

10
Q

This channel lacks ribosome and is the sites for Calcium Ions which are very important in muscle contraction.

A

Smooth ER

10
Q

It modifies the products of the cell and sort them by destination.

A

Golgi Bodies

11
Q

The sites of energy production of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

12
Q

What do you call to the folds inside the Mitochondria?

A

Cristae

13
Q

Two perpendicular microtubules located near the nucleus of animal cell only. A source of spindle fibers during cell division.

A

Centrioles

14
Q

What do you call to the region where you can find the centriole?

A

Centrosome

15
Q

Space surrounded by membrane that can store substances in the cell.

A

Vacuole

16
Q

It is the suicide sacs. It is a vacuole filled with digestive enzyme that breaks down ingested particles and make nutrients available to the cell.

A

Lysosome

17
Q

What do you call to the process where lysosome burst and digest all inside of the cell when the cell is damaged?

A

Autophagy

18
Q

It is the preparation period for cell division.

A

Interphase

19
Q

What are the three main stages of interphase?

A

G1 (Gap 1)
S-phase (Synthesis phase)
G2 (Gap 2 )

20
Q

During this phase in cell division, the cell is growing and metabolizing and has made the decision to divide.

A

G1

21
Q

In this phase, the DNA replication occurs.

A

S-phase

22
Q

It is the final preparation for cell division. This may include production of proteins and assembly of structures involved in cell division.

A

G2

23
Q

What are the two types of cell division in Eukaryotic cell?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

24
Q

A type of cell division that occurs when you want to produce a cell that is identical from which they came. Cell divides into 2 daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

25
Q

What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

25
Q

The phase is where the DNA condenses and becomes visible. The nuclear envelope disappears and the spindle fibers form.

A

Prophase

26
Q

The chromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell.

A

Metaphase

27
Q

The chromatid separates to become independent chromosome.

A

Anaphase

28
Q

Cell division that occurs in sex cells or gametes.

  • To produce genetically different cell from each other and from which they came from.

-To produce cells with one complete set of DNA.

A

Meiosis

CMB (4 decks)

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