Cell Structure Flashcards
Controls movement into and out of the cell.
Plasma membrane
Molecules that make up the cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates.
The three parts of the cell theory.
Cells are the smallest units of life.
All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from existing cells.
The role of protein in the cell membrane.
Help transport particles across the cell membrane.
The control centre of the cell.
The nucleus.
Genetic material found in the nucleus.
DNA
The function of the nucleolus.
Production of ribosomes.
The function of ribosomes.
Protein synthesis
Describe the nuclear membrane.
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Contains pores.
Where are ribosome located?
On the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm.
The types of endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth.
Where if rough ER found.
A network of membranes attached to the nuclear membrane and smooth ER.
Function of the rough ER.
Transports protein through the cell
Function of the smooth ER.
Manufactures lipids, detoxifies and regulates calcium levels.
Function of transport vesicles.
Transports molecules from one part of the cell to another or out of the cell.
Function of lysosomes.
Contain digestive enzymes to break down food or harmful material.
Organelle that modified, processes and packages proteins for secretion.
Golgi body
Differences between plant cells and animal cells.
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast and a central vacuole.
Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes and small vacuoles or contractile vacuoles.
Differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus (contains chromosomes), and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes have no nucleus (DNA ring in cytoplasm) and have a cell wall.
Function of a contractile vacuole.
Eliminates excess water from animal cells.
What is the location and function of the cell wall?
The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane. In plant cells it is made of cellulose. It supports the cell giving it shape.
What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
Both in eukaryotic cells. Both have two membranes and their own DNA. Both convert energy.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Supply the cell with energy through cellular respiration.
What are the centrioles made of and what is their function?
Centrioles are used for cell division and they are made of microtubules.
