Cell Structure Flashcards
Nucleolus
Site of ribosome synthesis.
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear pours allow communication between nucleus and cytoplasm by letting molecules through.
RER
Transports proteins synthesised by ribosomes by budding off vesicles.
SER
Synthesises and transports lipids.
Golgi
Chemically modifies and packages proteins for secretion (and forms lysosomes).
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis.
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration.
Lysosomes
Destroys old/damaged organelles or foreign material the cell has engulfed.
Chromatin
Contains genetic information.
Cell wall
Provides stability (plant cell only)
Cytoplasm
Where all the reactions of a cell take place.
Nucleus
- Carries genetic information
- Has genes that code for proteins
- Controls activities of the cell
ATP
A molecule used to store energy temporarily in organisms.
Carrier Protein
Protein found in membranes which is capable of carrying a specific molecule or ion through e membrane by active transport.
Cellulose
A carbohydrate polymer (of B glucose) that forms plant cell walls
Centriole
An organelle from which the spindle fibres develop during cell division in animal cells.
Channel Protein
A protein pore that spans a molecule through which very small ions and water soluble molecule may pass.
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plants, which contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthetic activity in the plant.
Chromatin
Material staining dark red in the nucleus during interphase of mitosis and meiosis. It consists of nucleic acids and proteins. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase of nucler division.
Chromosome
A linear DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins found in the nucleus. Chromosomes become visible in prophase of cell division.
Cilia
Short extensions of eukaryotic cells, typically 2–10 µm long and 0.03 µm in diameter. They may be used for locomotion or to move fluids or mucus over a surface, for example in the mammalian respiratory tract.
Cistae
The folds found in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Stalked particles containing ATP synthase are found on cristae.
Steps of protein synthesis…
Nucleus contains genetic information
mRNA carries genetic code to ribosomes that uses it to make proteins
RER ‘buds off’ in vesicles
Golgi modifies and packages
Sent to cell membrane where it’s secreted by exocytosis
