Cell Specialisation

Question 1

Neutrophils

Answer 1

Flexible - phagocytosis and fit through pores in endothelium
Multi lobbed nucleus for flexibility
Lots of lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes
Lots of RER for protein (enzyme) synthesis
Receptors to attach to pathogens

Question 2

Sperm Cell

Answer 2

Gamete (1/2 chromosome number)
Streamlined for less resistance
Acrosome with h ydrolytic enzymes to digest egg
Receptors binds to egg
Flagellum to propel cell

Question 3

Leaf Palisade Mesophyll Cell

Answer 3

Regular shape - closely packed cells for continuous layer of absorption
Thin walls - faster diffusion
Chloroplasts move by cytoskeleton
Vacuole contains cell sap to maintain turgidity
Cell wall - prevents bursting

Question 4

Root Hair Cell

Answer 4

Large surface area for osmosis
Lots of mitochondria (ATP needed for active transport)
Thin wall for diffusion

Question 5

Guard Cells

Answer 5

In light, K+ ions move in (active transport). Water move in by osmosis and cell is turgid so stoma opens - thin outer wall and thick inner wall.
Mitochondria for active transport.

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

Thin membrane for diffusion
Biconcave. More surface area pack more Hb
Flexible to squeeze through capillaries
120 day life span and transports CO2