Cell Structure 2.1

Question 1

Define Nucleus/DNA

Answer 1

1.Controls activities of cell e.g transcription and cell division

2.Contains genetic information that can be transmitted to next generation

Question 2

Define Nucleolus

Answer 2

Produces RNA and Ribosome

Question 3

Define Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

Makes and Transports lipids and steroids

Question 4

Define Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Transport of proteins by forming transport vesicles
Also** Protein Synthesis**

Question 5

Define Golgi

Answer 5

1.Processes proteins
2.Used in secretion
3.Lysosome formation

Question 6

Define Lysosome

Answer 6

1. Contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes

2.Breakdown of Organelles,Cells and ingested material such as pathogens

Question 7

Define Mitochondria

Answer 7

form ATP during aerobic respiration

Question 8

Describe the functions of a (Cell Surface) Membrane

Answer 8

• Controls exchange between cell and environment
• Selectively permeable
• Receptors for cell recognition and attachment
• Fluid to allow endo and exocytosis

Question 9

Describe the function of a Cell Wall

Answer 9

1. Gives The Cell Shape/Strength/Support
2. Prevents Bursting (when water enters the cell by osmosis)
3. Fully Permeable

Question 10

Define Chloroplast

Answer 10

Contains Chlorophyll Pigment, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 11

Three essential things when preparing a slide are..

Answer 11

• Use a sharp blade so the slide is thin enough so individual cells are visible to ensure maximum light can penetrate the sample
  -A wet mount to prevent dehydration and distortion of the tissue
  -Squash Slide so it is easier to see individual cells are visible to ensure maximum light can penetrate the sample

Question 12

Define Magnification

Answer 12

Magnification is the ratio of image size to object size (the number of times the image is compared to the object)

Question 13

Define Resolution

Answer 13

Resolution is the ability to see two objects as separate from each other and allows more detail to be seen

Question 14

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Light Microscopes

Answer 14

Advantages

Cheap to purchase
Cheap to operate
Small + portable
Simple + easy sample preparation
Material rarely distorted by preparation
Natural colour of sample maintained

Disadvantage

Magnifies objects up to 2000x only

Question 15

Explain why staining is needed in microscopy

Answer 15

To allow contrast, colour and clarity to easily distinguish points on a cell

Question 16

Explain the importance to of the cytoskeleton

Answer 16

provides strength / stability / support to the cell ;
determines shape and changes shape of the membrane for endocytosis and exocytosis) ;
moves organelles
moves RNA / protein / chromosomes / chromatids ;
holds organelles in place;
make up, centrioles / spindle fibres

Question 17

Describe the features and adaptations of a Eukaryote

Answer 17

nuclear envelope/ membrane (DNA enclosed)
linear DNA
histones / chromosome ( A DNA + protein)
membrane-bound organelles
cellulose cell wall (if present)
80S ribosomes (22nm)
no plasmids or mesosome

EXTRA POINTS

cytoskeleton
flagellum 9+2
no pili
no capsule

Question 18

What is the process of Exocytosis Fill out