Biological Molecules 2.2

Question 1

Name the Chemical Elements that makes up the Biological Molecules

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates - C H O
• Lipids - C H O
• Proteins - C H O N S
• Nucleic Acids - C H O N P

Question 2

Water is a very important molecule which is a major component of cells

Name A Few Examples of why water
is important

Answer 2

• It has a high heat specific capacity meaning that **a lot of energy is required to warm
• water up** therefore minimising temperature fluctuations in living things therefore it
• acts as a buffer
• It is a solvent in which many metabolic reactions occour
• ice is less dense than water and floats on top of it creating an insulating layer, this **increases the chance of survival **of organisms in large bodies of water as it prevents them from freezing

Question 3

Define Monomer

Answer 3

**Monomers **are small units which are the components of larger molecules

Question 4

Carbohydrates form Disaccharides

Name All Disaccharides and how they are formed

Answer 4

• Maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules
• Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose & fructose
• Lactoseis a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose & galactose

Question 5

Polysaccharides are formed from many glucose units joined together and include…

Answer 5

• Glycogenand starch which are both formed by the condensation of alpha glucose
• Cellulose formed by the condensation of beta glucose

Question 6

Name Features of Glycogen & Starch

Answer 6

Glycogen
* formed from many molecules of alpha glucose joined together by 1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds
* large number of side branches meaning that glucose & therefore energy, can be released quickly
* large but compact molecule thus maximising the amount of
energy it can store

Starch
*Amylose *
* Straight chained , Unbranched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 Glycosidic Bonds
* Coiled and very compact meaning it can store alot of energy
Amylopectin
* Branched and made up of 1,4 and 1,6 Glycosidic bonds
* due to many side branches it is rapidly digested by enzymes and therefore energy released quickly

Question 7

Name features of cellulose

Answer 7

• Cellulose is a component of cells wells in plants and it’s composed of long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
• Forms Microfibrils, strong threads which are made of long cellulose chainsjoined together by hydrogen bonds and they provide structural support in plants cells.

Question 8

Define all protein structures

Answer 8

PRI

The sequence / order of amino acids in a polypeptide

SECONDARY

Coling/ Folding of the chain of amino acids peptide chain , in the primary structure to form

• Alpha Helix
• Beta Pleated Sheet

Held by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in same chain ;(between -NH and -CO)

TER

Secondary Structure undergoes futher coiling and folding to form a 3D Structure held by bonds and hydrophobic / hydrophilic interactions

Question 9

What is a Conjugated Protein

Answer 9

A protein containing a prosthetic group

Question 10

Structure of Collagen

Question 11

Structure of Haemoglobin

Question 12

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