Cell Division

Question 1

This Question is about Mitosis

What happens in Prophase

Answer 1

• chromosomes / chromatids shorten and thicken (condense);
• chromosomes become visible;
• chromosomes consist of two chromatids joined by a centromer

Question 2

This Question is about Mitosis

What happens in Metaphase

Answer 2

• chromosomes align at the equator
• chromosomes are attached to spindle by centromeres

Question 3

This Question is about Mitosis

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 3

• centromere splits;
• chromatids separate and move to opposite poles due to contraction /
• shortening , of spindle

Question 4

This Question is about Mitosis

What happens in Telophase

Answer 4

Chromosomes Uncoil

Question 5

This Question is about Mitosis in animals and plants

What happens in Cytokinesis

Answer 5

Cytoplasm is shared between the daughter cells…..

In animals
* cytokinesis starts at outer edge in animals
In plants
* Cytokinesis starts from middle of cell
* Cell plate / wall, forms between new cells

Question 6

What specific things happen when plants undergo Mitosis

Answer 6

• Only occurs in meristem ;
• No centrioles ;
• Cell plate / wall, forms between new cells
• Cytokinesis starts from middle of cell ;

Question 7

Describe the process of Budding in Yeast

Answer 7

• nucleus divides by mitosis ;
• cell swells on one side (bulges) ;
• nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles move into the bud / bulge
• bud/bulge pinches off and cell wall forms so bud becomes a separate cell

Question 8

Define Meiosis

Answer 8

• haploid / half genetic information
• produces genetically different cells ;
• 4 cells produced ;

Question 9

Define Stem Cell

Answer 9

• a cell that is, unspecialised / not differentiated
• capable of, division / mitosis ;
• able to, differentiate / specialise / become other cell types

Question 10

Define Tissue

Answer 10

a group of cells specialised and working together to perform a particular function

(don’t forget some tissues have one type of cell e.g. squamous epithelium, others have
two e.g. ciliated epithelium)

Question 11

Define Organ

Answer 11

a collection of tissues / named tissues

Look for idea of more than one tissue e.g. in lungs two or more correctly named tissues
from: epithelium, elastic, glandular, smooth muscle, blood, nervous, cartilage connective
working together to perform a function e.g. lungs to enable gas exchange

Question 12

Define Differentiate

Answer 12

To specialise and become other cell types

Question 13

Describe the process of Genetic Variation

Answer 13

• Crossing over of chormatids in Prophase 1
• Indepentent Assortment of Chromosomes in Metaphase 1 & 2

Question 14

add more cards maybe