cell structure Flashcards
The Cell
The CELL is the smallest unit of matter that
can carry out all the PROCESSES OF LIFE.
Where do cells come from
Cells come only from reproduction of
existing cells.
organelle
a cell component that
PERFORMS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
FOR THE CELL.
what do cells contain
organelles
Organelles examples
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast
- Ribosomes
- DNA
- Cell Wall
- Vacuole
Animal Cells contain the following structures
Cell Membranes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
what can be seen under the light microscope in an animal cell
Only the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the
nucleus can be seen under the light microscope.
what are animal cells surrounded by
cell membrane
protoplasm
living parts of a cell
where are the rpotoplams located
they are enclosed within
the cell membrane
what does the protoplasm contain
the nucleus
and cytoplasm
what are plant cells enclosed by
cell wall, which is made of cellulose
what is cellulose
Cellulose is a strong carbohydrate
what does the cell wall give to the cell plant
strength
where is the cell membrane found in the plant cell
The cell membrane is found inside the
cell wall
what is the fluid inside a vacuole called
sap
what is cell sap
Cell sap is a solution of
salts, sugars and
pigments. They also
give the cell strength
and shape
what do green plants contain
chlorophyll
Cell ultrastructure
a detailed structure as
seen under an electron microscope
Cell Membranes are made up of
phospholipids and proteins
The phospholipids and proteins are in
constant
motion.
Membranes are said to be
fluid
Functions of Cell Membranes
- Separate the cell organelles and
cytoplasm from the outside - Semi permeable - allows some
molecules freely into and out and others
to enter
* Membranes give some support to the cell
* Membranes recognise molecules that
touch them
the nucleus
A large organelle near the center of the cell
what dies the nucleus contain
the cell’s genetic information
what does the nucleus control
the activities of the cell.
what is the nucleus surrounded by
Surrounded by a
double membrane
with nuclear pores
what do the nucleus pores do
The pores allow
entry and exit of
molecules to the
nucleus
what does chromatin contain
DNA that is
arranged into
chromosomes
which stores our
genes
what do mitochondria do
Mitochondria supply energy to the cell in a process known as respiration
what do cells with lots of mitochondria produce
lot of energy
what do cells with little mitochondria produce
less energy
what part of the mitochondria produces energy
The inner membranes
Cytoplasm
a clear jelly like fluid that fills
the cell
what does the cytoplasm contain
all the organelles within the cell
what does ribosomes look like
Ribosomes can be seen
as red dots in this cell
what is ribosomes made of
of RNA and protein
what do you combine with ribosomes to make proteins
Amino acids
Plant cells also contain organelles, specific
to plant cells
- Cell walls
- Chloroplasts
- Large Vacuoles
function of chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
what surrounds the chloroplasts
a double membrane
what does the chloroplasts’ membrane stack contain
chlorophyll
what does the cell wall give the plant
it’s rigid and gives the plant a very defined shape
what is the cell wall composed of
cellulose fibre, polysaccharides,
and proteins.
what is the function of the cell wall
to support and strengthen the cell.
Vacuoles
membrane-bound sacs within the
cytoplasm of a cell
what do vacuoles provide
structural support, as well as
serving functions such as storage, waste
disposal, protection and growth.
eukaryotes.
Organisms whose cell contain a nucleus
and other membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotes.
Organisms whose cells never contain (or
lack) a nucleus and other membrane-bound
