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cell structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Cell

A

The CELL is the smallest unit of matter that
can carry out all the PROCESSES OF LIFE.

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2
Q

Where do cells come from

A

Cells come only from reproduction of
existing cells.

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3
Q

organelle

A

a cell component that
PERFORMS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
FOR THE CELL.

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4
Q

what do cells contain

A

organelles

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5
Q

Organelles examples

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast
  • Ribosomes
  • DNA
  • Cell Wall
  • Vacuole
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6
Q

Animal Cells contain the following structures

A

Cell Membranes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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7
Q

what can be seen under the light microscope in an animal cell

A

Only the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the
nucleus can be seen under the light microscope.

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8
Q

what are animal cells surrounded by

A

cell membrane

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9
Q

protoplasm

A

living parts of a cell

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10
Q

where are the rpotoplams located

A

they are enclosed within
the cell membrane

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11
Q

what does the protoplasm contain

A

the nucleus
and cytoplasm

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12
Q

what are plant cells enclosed by

A

cell wall, which is made of cellulose

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13
Q

what is cellulose

A

Cellulose is a strong carbohydrate

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14
Q

what does the cell wall give to the cell plant

A

strength

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15
Q

where is the cell membrane found in the plant cell

A

The cell membrane is found inside the
cell wall

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16
Q

what is the fluid inside a vacuole called

A

sap

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17
Q

what is cell sap

A

Cell sap is a solution of
salts, sugars and
pigments. They also
give the cell strength
and shape

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18
Q

what do green plants contain

A

chlorophyll

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19
Q

Cell ultrastructure

A

a detailed structure as
seen under an electron microscope

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20
Q

Cell Membranes are made up of

A

phospholipids and proteins

21
Q

The phospholipids and proteins are in

A

constant
motion.

22
Q

Membranes are said to be

A

fluid

23
Q

Functions of Cell Membranes

A
  • Separate the cell organelles and
    cytoplasm from the outside
  • Semi permeable - allows some

molecules freely into and out and others
to enter
* Membranes give some support to the cell
* Membranes recognise molecules that
touch them

24
Q

the nucleus

A

A large organelle near the center of the cell

25
Q

what dies the nucleus contain

A

the cell’s genetic information

26
Q

what does the nucleus control

A

the activities of the cell.

27
Q

what is the nucleus surrounded by

A

Surrounded by a
double membrane
with nuclear pores

28
Q

what do the nucleus pores do

A

The pores allow
entry and exit of
molecules to the
nucleus

29
Q

what does chromatin contain

A

DNA that is
arranged into
chromosomes
which stores our
genes

30
Q

what do mitochondria do

A

Mitochondria supply energy to the cell in a process known as respiration

31
Q

what do cells with lots of mitochondria produce

A

lot of energy

32
Q

what do cells with little mitochondria produce

A

less energy

33
Q

what part of the mitochondria produces energy

A

The inner membranes

34
Q

Cytoplasm

A

a clear jelly like fluid that fills
the cell

35
Q

what does the cytoplasm contain

A

all the organelles within the cell

36
Q

what does ribosomes look like

A

Ribosomes can be seen
as red dots in this cell

37
Q

what is ribosomes made of

A

of RNA and protein

38
Q

what do you combine with ribosomes to make proteins

A

Amino acids

39
Q

Plant cells also contain organelles, specific
to plant cells

A
  • Cell walls
  • Chloroplasts
  • Large Vacuoles
40
Q

function of chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis

41
Q

what surrounds the chloroplasts

A

a double membrane

42
Q

what does the chloroplasts’ membrane stack contain

A

chlorophyll

43
Q

what does the cell wall give the plant

A

it’s rigid and gives the plant a very defined shape

44
Q

what is the cell wall composed of

A

cellulose fibre, polysaccharides,
and proteins.

45
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

to support and strengthen the cell.

46
Q

Vacuoles

A

membrane-bound sacs within the
cytoplasm of a cell

47
Q

what do vacuoles provide

A

structural support, as well as
serving functions such as storage, waste
disposal, protection and growth.

48
Q

eukaryotes.

A

Organisms whose cell contain a nucleus
and other membrane-bound organelles

49
Q

prokaryotes.

A

Organisms whose cells never contain (or
lack) a nucleus and other membrane-bound

biology (11 decks)

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