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blood Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of Blood

A

Transport food, waste and hormones

Transport heat

Transport oxygen

Protect against disease

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2
Q

Composition of Blood

A

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

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3
Q

describe plasma

A

Pale, golden liquid

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4
Q

what is plasma made up of

A

90% water, 7%
proteins and 3% dissolved
materials

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5
Q

what are the proteins in plasma made up of

A

antibodies and
clotting proteins

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6
Q

what is serum

A

a type of plasma
protein from which clotting
proteins have been
removed

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7
Q

Role of Plasma

A

Transport dissolved materials such as:

Glucose

Minerals

Vitamins

Amino acids

Carbon dioxide

Salts

Hormones

Heat

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8
Q

what are red blood cells also known as

A

red blood corpuscles

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9
Q

where are red blood cells produced

A

in bone marrow

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10
Q

what is the iron based compound in red blood cells called

A

haemoglobin

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11
Q

when do red blood cells become damaged

A

when they change shape to fit htrough narrow blood vessels

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12
Q

can red blood cells repair themselves, why?

A

no, they have no nucleus

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13
Q

where do red blood cells get broken down

A

liver

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14
Q

what do red blood cells not have

A

Mitochondria and a nucleus

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15
Q

what shape do red blood cells have

A

biconcave

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16
Q

why do red blood cells have that shape

A

to increase surface
area to exchange oxygen

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17
Q

Role of Red Blood Cells

A

To transport oxygen

In the lungs, haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form
oxyhaemoglobin

The red blood cells then carry oxygen around the body in the form of
oxyhaemoglobin. The oxygen is released to the body cells

18
Q

what are white blood cells also known as

A

leucocytes

19
Q

what shape do white blood cells have

A

they have no defined shape

20
Q

how long do white blood cells live for

A

for a few days

21
Q

where are white blood ells made

A

in bone marrow

22
Q

what can white blood cells be classified as

A

lymphocytes or
monocytes

23
Q

Role of white blood cells

A

Defend the body against infection and fight infections that are in the
body

Phagocytes surround bacteria and viruses and ‘eat’ them. This
process is called phagocytosis

Lymphocytes react to bacteria and viruses by producing antibodies.

24
Q

where do lymphocytes mature

A

in the
lymphatic system

25
Q

where are lymphocytes stored

A

Stored in various parts of
the lymphatic system
such as the
spleen/adenoids/thymus
gland

26
Q

where are lymphocytes made

A

bone marrow

27
Q

how long do lymphocytes survive

A

between 3 months to 10 years

28
Q

what do lymphocytes produce

A

antibodies

29
Q

where are Monocytes made

A

bone marrow

30
Q

How does the Monocytes nucleus look like

A

kidney like shape

31
Q

how long do Monocytes live

A

6-9 days

32
Q

what do Monocytes act as

A

phagocytes by
surrounding and
digesting bacteria and
viruses in the body

33
Q

what are Monocytes also known as

A

macrophages

34
Q

where are Platelets made

A

bone marrow when large cells are broken down into cell fragments

35
Q

what is the role of Platelets

A

is to clot the blood when damaged body cells
produce chemicals which stimulate the platelets to form a clot

36
Q

what do blood clots do

A

reduce blood loss and prevent micro-organisms from
entering the body

37
Q

Blood Groups

A

A

B

AB

O

38
Q

why do we need to know a person’s blood group

A

for safe blood
transfusions

39
Q

Rhesus Factor

A

blood grouping system

40
Q

If you have factor D you are

A

Rhesus positive

41
Q

If you don’t have factor D you are

A

Rhesus negative

biology (11 decks)

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