Cell Structure

Question 1

List the features of a plant cell

Answer 1

Permanent Vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus.

Question 2

List the features of an animal cell

Answer 2

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 3

List the features of a bacteria cell

Answer 3

Flagella, cell wall, cell membrane, plasmids, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 4

What is Differentiation ?

Answer 4

When cells become specialised

Question 5

What are stem cells ?

Answer 5

Special human cells that have not been specialised.

Question 6

What types of microscopes are there ?

Answer 6

Light microscope (everyday use to look at cells)
Electron microscope (expensive with high resolution and magnification)

Question 7

What can bacteria do ?

Answer 7

Duplicate every 20 minutes which allows it to cause you to be very ill quickly.

Question 8

Describe the structure of DNA.

Answer 8

A double-helix structure made of 2 strands with a backbone of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is a base called a nucleotide (A with T and G with C). DNA fits into chromosomes.

Question 9

What is mitosis?

Answer 9

a type of cell division where a diploid cell replicates and divides into 2 identical daughter diploid cells. For Asexual reproduction.

Question 10

What is meiosis ?

Answer 10

a diploid cell division that produces 4 genetically different haploid cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.

Question 11

What is diffusion ?

Answer 11

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration - down the concentration gradient.

Question 12

What is an example of diffusion in the body ?

Answer 12

In the lungs, oxygen diffuses via the alveoli into the bloods in the capillaries, where as carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs.

Question 13

What is osmosis ?

Answer 13

the movement of water through the partially permeable membrane from a high to low concentration down the concentration gradient.

Question 14

What is active transport ?

Answer 14

the net molecule movement across a membrane for a low to high concentration up the concentration gradient.

Question 15

What is a eukaryotic cell ?

Answer 15

• found in plants, animals, fungi and protists (single-celled organisms).
• they are 10 to 100 micrometers in size
• eukaryotes are made up of these cells

Question 16

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 16

• bacteria
• 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers in size
• prokaryotes are organisms made of prokaryotic cells
• these cells don’t contain mitochondria, chloroplasts or a nucleus, but have plasmids.

Question 17

How is a neurone cell adapted to transmit electrical signals?

Answer 17

• has dendrites which passes impulses to neighbouring neurones
• Long axon to cover greater distances
• (myelin) sheath around axon which speeds up rate of impulse transfer