cell specialization

Question 1

Stem Cell

Answer 1

Population of cells within an organisms that retain their ability to divide and diffrenciate

Question 2

Stem Cell benifits: Self-renewal

Answer 2

They can self-renew. When they divide they produce daughter cells, maintaining stem cells

Question 3

Stem cell benefit

Answer 3

Recreate damaged tissue cells and replace damaged bone marrow

Question 4

cell specialization

Answer 4

Cells develop specific structures and functions through differentiation, allowing them to perform unique tasks to support the organism’s needs.

Question 5

Totipotent

Answer 5

Collection of cells which have not diffrenciated where it is capable of continued division and become any cell

Question 6

Pluripotent

Answer 6

Become many different cells within a system but cannot produce a complete organism

Question 7

Multipotent

Answer 7

More specilised and can become more than one cell. (eg. producing multiple blood cells for bone marrow)

Question 8

Unipotent

Answer 8

it can only become one type of cell

Question 9

Neuron Cell

Answer 9

4-100 um in diameter
-Dendtrit bring electrical signals to the cell body (branch looking)
-Axon, takes information away from the cell body

Question 10

Sperm cell

Answer 10

50-60 um
carries genetic information used for sexual reproduction

Question 11

Egg/Ovum

Answer 11

Essential to the product of a zygote120um

Question 12

Red blood cell

Answer 12

6.2-8.2 um

Question 13

White blood cell

Answer 13

12-15um

Question 14

Muscle

Answer 14

Muscle fibers have unique features that allow for movement 20,000um

Question 15

Adipose

Answer 15

<20-300um

Question 16

Cell Specialization Process

Answer 16

1)Zygote Formation: Multicellular organisms begin as a zygote, which is the product of fertilization in sexual reproduction.

2)Cell Division: The zygote undergoes rapid mitotic cell divisions (called cleavage) to form a cluster of undifferentiated cells. These cells are initially identical and unspecialized.

3)Cell Signaling and Differentiation: Morphogens (signaling molecules) regulate gene expression, guiding cells to become specialized through differentiation.

Question 17

Stem Cell Niches

Answer 17

Specialized environments that regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through signals and support.

Question 18

SA-Volume Adaption

Answer 18

Smaller cells/organisms have a high SA
ratio, allowing quick material exchange. Larger organisms have a lower ratio, needing adaptations (lungs, circulatory systems) for efficient exchange.