Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Simple Sugar: one sugar
E.g: Beta glucose and Alpha glucose, pentose fructose
Disaccharides
Made up of two monosaccharides:
E.g Lactose (beta glactose+beta glucose)
-Sucrose (alpha glucose+beta fructose)
What are the properties and structure of starch?
They are found in plants which are combination of alpha glucose forming amylopectin and amylose creating a helical structure. More dense making it a good storage space, which mean they are insoluable polymers.
What are the properties of cellulose
Liner, alternating B glucose forming 1-4 glycosidic bonds because they cancel each other out. Bonds with hydrogen bond but as gaps so substances can pass through.
What are the properties of glycogen?
They are found in animals. Composed of alpha glucose creating 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, creating a helical structure. These are less dense making it easier to break down. These are hydrophilic and are soluable in water
What are types of lipids?
Fatty Acids, glycerides(triglycerides, phosolipids) and hormones
Fatty Acid Examples
Saturated: No double bonds between the carbon and hydrogen group forming a linear structure. Solid at room temperature.
Monounsaturated: One double bond between the carbon and hydrogen group giving it a kink or a bend
Polyunsaturated: More than one double bond between carbon and hydrogen group. Liquid at room temperature
What is a triglyceride?
Composed of 1 glyceride chain and 3 fatty acids. Can be used to store long -term energy storage. It can store twice the chemical energy compared to the same mass of carbohydrates
Phospholipid bilayers
Are amphipathic, meaning they have regions that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. This makes them ideal of formation of bilayer
Adipose Tissue
Composed of cells that store fat in form of triglycerides. These are used for long-term energy storage because they are insoluble in water. Animals living in colder conditions have endotherms, to keep a steady internal environment
