Cell signalling

Question 1

What do kinases do?

Example

Answer 1

Phosphorylate other substances (to activate them)

Protein kinases adds phosphate to ATP

Question 2

What do phosphatases do?

Answer 2

Dephosphorylate other substances (to inactivate them)

Question 3

Example of an ionotropic receptor

Answer 3

Ion channel-linked receptors

Question 4

Example of an metabotropic receptor

Answer 4

G protein coupled receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors (Intrinsic enzyme activity/ Recruit enzyme from cytoplasm)

Question 5

Examples of ligands that act through G protein-linked receptors (GPCRs)

Answer 5

serotonin, acetylcholine, adrenaline, glucagon and prostaglandins

Question 6

What type of cell signalling occurs with nuclear receptors?

Answer 6

Ligand-activated transcription factors

Question 7

Which receptors form an ion channel pore?

Answer 7

Ionotropic receptors

Question 8

Which receptors indirectly link with ion channels on the plasma membrane of the cell through signal transduction mechanisms e.g. G proteins?

Answer 8

Metabotropic receptors