cell respiration Flashcards
Key terms
define redox reactions:
redox reactions are either reduction or oxidisation reactions.
-reduction reactions:
-gain on electrons
-loss of hydrogen
-no oxygen
-oxidation:
-loss of electrons
-gain of hydrogen
-oxygen
define reduction:
-reduction reactions:
-gain on electrons
-loss of hydrogen
-no oxygen
define oxidation:
-oxidation:
-loss of electrons
-gain of hydrogen
-oxygen
what are electron carriers?
-molecules that are able to accept electrons, and then carry and transfer them to another point.
what is glycolysis?
taking place in the cytoplasm, it is the first stage of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. phosphorolysis of glucose takes place, to produce 2 pyruvate molecules.
what is phosphorylation?
this is where glucose is oxidised.
what is lysis?
this is where one molecule of glucose, which contains 6 carbons, is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules, that each have 3 carbons.
what is pyruvate?
pyruvate is the product of glycolysis, that is used to bridge the gap to the krebs cycle.
what is lactate?
lactate is produced in anaerobic respiration, when the glucose is not fully broken down. it causes muscle fatigue, and is broken down with the oxygen debt.
what is NAD?
it is a carrier molecule, that is reduced, when it takes up electrons, and during aerobic respiration.
what is reduced NAD?
Reduced NAD, or NADH, is the carrier of electrons, to the electron transport chain.
Define aerobic respiration:
enzyme controlled reaction, that release energy, in the form of ATP. It also takes place in the presence of oxygen.
Define anaerobic respiration:
the breakdown of glucose without oxygen, to release ATP.
what is the link reaction?
a carbon atom is removed from pyruvate, forming carbon dioxide. This converts pyruvate into a two-carbon molecule called acetate. Hydrogen is also removed from pyruvate in the conversion into acetate, which is picked up by the coenzyme NAD to form reduced NAD.
what is Decarboxylation?
the removal of a carbon atom
what is Coenzyme A?
it is a coenzyme that binds an acetyl group to form acetyl coenzyme A during the link reaction of aerobic respiration.
what is the krebs cycle?
it is a series of reactions which generate reduced NAD and a similar molecule called reduced FAD which are needed for oxidative phosphorylation
what is Oxaloacetate?
it is the starting four carbon compound
what is citrate?
it is a central metabolic pathway for aerobic organisms.
what are Dehydrogenation Reactions?
this is where the two hydrogens picked up by NAD are released.
what is the Mitochondrion?
the site of cellular respiration in cells.
what is the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane?
it is the site for oxidative phosphorylation.
what are Cristae?
they are folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane, that increase the surface area.
what is the Matrix?
it is a site in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the krebs cycle takes place.
