Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell respiration > Flashcards

Cell respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Complex series of chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What processes need respiration?

A

Cellular such as muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ATP made up of?

A

Organic base - adenine
Sugar Ribose
3 inorganic phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is energy released by aerobic respiration stored?

A

In ATP for future use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of energy is ATP?

A

Intermediate source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 functions of ATP?

A

Uptake molecules into cells
Cell division
Muscle contraction
Building molecules such as DNA, glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triosphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 processes of respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Link Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the only process where O2 is not required?

A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does link reaction occur?

A

Matrix of Mitrochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does krebs cycle occur?

A

Matrix of Mitrochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

Cristae of Mitrochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is glucose activated in glyocolysis?

A

By adding phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What forms after phosphate is added?

A

Fructose biphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does each 6C of FB break down to?

A

2x 3C molecules of triose phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is each molecule of triose phosphate converted to?

A

Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does each conversion to pyruvate produce?

A

2 ATP, so 4 altogether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is hydrogen removed from in glycolysis and where does it go?

A

Removed from triose phosphate and transferred to NAD to produce NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is 2ATP lost during glycolysis?

A

When adding phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much ATP is overall produced with glycolysis?

A

2ATP which is relatively small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to pyruvate during link reaction?

A

It is oxidised by removing H atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to the pyruvate when H atoms are being transferred?

A

De-carboxylated by removing C atom as CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Once pyruvate is de-carboxylated what is left over?

A

2 carbon acetyl groups

27
Q

What does the 2 carbon acetyl groups join in link reaction?

A

CoEnzyme A

28
Q

What is formed by the end of link reaction process?

A

Acetyl CoA (2C)

29
Q

What happens to Acetyle CoA at start of Krebs cycle?

A

Joins with C4 acid to form C6 acid

30
Q

What does the acid formed during krebs cycle undergo?

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

31
Q

What does oxidative decarboxylation do in krebs cycle?

A

Regernates C4 acid

32
Q

What is produced at the end of krebs cycle?

A

NADH
FADH
ATP

33
Q

How is ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

What way do H atoms move in the electron transport chain?

A

NADH to flavoprotein to Coenzyme Q

35
Q

What are NAD, flavoprotein and Coenzyme Q?

A

Cytochromes

36
Q

What is a positive about cytochromes?

A

Progessively lower energy levels

37
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

38
Q

How are electrons transferred in the electron transport chain?

A

Electron carriers

39
Q

What happens to the H atoms that cause them to become H ions and H electrons?

A

Dissociate

40
Q

What reactions occurs when NAD is oxidised and flavo reduced?

A

Redox reaction

41
Q

What happens at the end of electron transport chain?

A

Electrons recombine to form H atoms

42
Q

What do the H atoms join to at the end of the ETC to form?

A

Oxygen to form water

43
Q

How much ATP is produced in Krebs Cycle?

A

2 ATP

44
Q

How much ATP produced in total in aerobic respiration?

A

38 ATP

45
Q

How much ATP is produced from the 10 reduced NAD?

A

30 ATP

46
Q

How much ATP is produced by the 2 FADH?

A

4 ATP

47
Q

What is the net gain of ATP during anaerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP

48
Q

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

When oxygen is not sufficient

49
Q

What would cause there to be less sufficiency of oxygen?

A

Steneous exercise

50
Q

What happens to H atoms during anaerobic respiration?

A

Removed from glucose and joined to NAD

51
Q

What is produced when H atoms are added to glucose?

A

2 Pyruvate

52
Q

What must happen which causes lactate to be formed?

A

NAD regenerated

53
Q

What is BMR?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

54
Q

What is it ment by basal metabolic rate?

A

Minimum amount of energy used by whole organism at rest

55
Q

What is BMR measured in?

A

Joules or calories/day or per hour

56
Q

What does BMR supply energy for?

A

Breathing
Heart Contraction
Digestion

57
Q

Why does BMR vary with muscle mass?

A

It is more metabolically active

58
Q

How much energy does BMR supply for daily energy needs?

A

60 - 70%

59
Q

Why is males BMR higher with males?

A

Higher muscle mass

60
Q

Why do young people have a higher BMR?

A

Muscle mass decreases by 5-10% every decade and replaced with fat tissue

61
Q

When can BMR be measured?

A

Motionless
At rest
Not hungry
25-30c

62
Q

Positive of anaerobic respiration?

A

Produces extra ATP in short time compared to aerobic

63
Q

Why does BMR change if you are taller?

A

Larger organs

64
Q

What are the two ways of measuring BMR?

A

Heat produced per unit mass, per unit S.A over specific time

Oxygen consumed per unit mass over a specific time using a spirometer

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions