Cell respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Complex series of chemical reactions

Question 2

Equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + E

Question 3

Equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + E

Question 4

What processes need respiration?

Answer 4

Cellular such as muscle contraction

Question 5

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 5

Organic base - adenine
Sugar Ribose
3 inorganic phosphate groups

Question 6

How is energy released by aerobic respiration stored?

Answer 6

In ATP for future use

Question 7

What type of energy is ATP?

Answer 7

Intermediate source

Question 8

4 functions of ATP?

Answer 8

Uptake molecules into cells
Cell division
Muscle contraction
Building molecules such as DNA, glycogen

Question 9

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 9

Adenosine Triosphosphate

Question 10

What are the 4 processes of respiration?

Answer 10

Glycolysis
Link Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 11

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

What is the only process where O2 is not required?

Answer 12

Glycolysis

Question 13

Where does link reaction occur?

Answer 13

Matrix of Mitrochondria

Question 14

Where does krebs cycle occur?

Answer 14

Matrix of Mitrochondria

Question 15

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 15

Cristae of Mitrochondria

Question 16

How is glucose activated in glyocolysis?

Answer 16

By adding phosphate

Question 17

What forms after phosphate is added?

Answer 17

Fructose biphosphate

Question 18

What does each 6C of FB break down to?

Answer 18

2x 3C molecules of triose phosphate

Question 19

What is each molecule of triose phosphate converted to?

Answer 19

Pyruvate

Question 20

What does each conversion to pyruvate produce?

Answer 20

2 ATP, so 4 altogether

Question 21

Where is hydrogen removed from in glycolysis and where does it go?

Answer 21

Removed from triose phosphate and transferred to NAD to produce NADH

Question 22

Where is 2ATP lost during glycolysis?

Answer 22

When adding phosphate

Question 23

How much ATP is overall produced with glycolysis?

Answer 23

2ATP which is relatively small

Question 24

What happens to pyruvate during link reaction?

Answer 24

It is oxidised by removing H atoms

Question 25

What happens to the pyruvate when H atoms are being transferred?

Answer 25

De-carboxylated by removing C atom as CO2

Question 26

Once pyruvate is de-carboxylated what is left over?

Answer 26

2 carbon acetyl groups

Question 27

What does the 2 carbon acetyl groups join in link reaction?

Answer 27

CoEnzyme A

Question 28

What is formed by the end of link reaction process?

Answer 28

Acetyl CoA (2C)

Question 29

What happens to Acetyle CoA at start of Krebs cycle?

Answer 29

Joins with C4 acid to form C6 acid

Question 30

What does the acid formed during krebs cycle undergo?

Answer 30

Oxidative decarboxylation

Question 31

What does oxidative decarboxylation do in krebs cycle?

Answer 31

Regernates C4 acid

Question 32

What is produced at the end of krebs cycle?

Answer 32

NADH FADH ATP

Question 33

How is ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

Answer 33

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 34

What way do H atoms move in the electron transport chain?

Answer 34

NADH to flavoprotein to Coenzyme Q

Question 35

What are NAD, flavoprotein and Coenzyme Q?

Answer 35

Cytochromes

Question 36

What is a positive about cytochromes?

Answer 36

Progessively lower energy levels

Question 37

What is ADP?

Answer 37

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 38

How are electrons transferred in the electron transport chain?

Answer 38

Electron carriers

Question 39

What happens to the H atoms that cause them to become H ions and H electrons?

Answer 39

Dissociate

Question 40

What reactions occurs when NAD is oxidised and flavo reduced?

Answer 40

Redox reaction

Question 41

What happens at the end of electron transport chain?

Answer 41

Electrons recombine to form H atoms

Question 42

What do the H atoms join to at the end of the ETC to form?

Answer 42

Oxygen to form water

Question 43

How much ATP is produced in Krebs Cycle?

Answer 43

2 ATP

Question 44

How much ATP produced in total in aerobic respiration?

Answer 44

38 ATP

Question 45

How much ATP is produced from the 10 reduced NAD?

Answer 45

30 ATP

Question 46

How much ATP is produced by the 2 FADH?

Answer 46

4 ATP

Question 47

What is the net gain of ATP during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 47

2 ATP

Question 48

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 48

When oxygen is not sufficient

Question 49

What would cause there to be less sufficiency of oxygen?

Answer 49

Steneous exercise

Question 50

What happens to H atoms during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 50

Removed from glucose and joined to NAD

Question 51

What is produced when H atoms are added to glucose?

Answer 51

2 Pyruvate

Question 52

What must happen which causes lactate to be formed?

Answer 52

NAD regenerated

Question 53

What is BMR?

Answer 53

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 54

What is it ment by basal metabolic rate?

Answer 54

Minimum amount of energy used by whole organism at rest

Question 55

What is BMR measured in?

Answer 55

Joules or calories/day or per hour

Question 56

What does BMR supply energy for?

Answer 56

Breathing Heart Contraction Digestion

Question 57

Why does BMR vary with muscle mass?

Answer 57

It is more metabolically active

Question 58

How much energy does BMR supply for daily energy needs?

Answer 58

60 - 70%

Question 59

Why is males BMR higher with males?

Answer 59

Higher muscle mass

Question 60

Why do young people have a higher BMR?

Answer 60

Muscle mass decreases by 5-10% every decade and replaced with fat tissue

Question 61

When can BMR be measured?

Answer 61

Motionless At rest Not hungry 25-30c

Question 62

Positive of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 62

Produces extra ATP in short time compared to aerobic

Question 63

Why does BMR change if you are taller?

Answer 63

Larger organs

Question 64

What are the two ways of measuring BMR?

Answer 64

Heat produced per unit mass, per unit S.A over specific time Oxygen consumed per unit mass over a specific time using a spirometer