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BIOSCI 107 Part Two > Cell Processes: Structure and Function of the Cell > Flashcards

Cell Processes: Structure and Function of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Width of the cell membrane

A

8nm

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2
Q

Are proteins free moving in the plasma membrane

A

Yes

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3
Q

Composition of lipids and proteins in membrane

A

50 % lipid & 50 % protein

with hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

What are the three lipids in the plasma membrane

A

cholesterol, phospholipids, glycolipids

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5
Q

Arrangement of lipids in plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol and glycolipids scattered among a double row of phospholipid molecules

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6
Q

How many membrane lipids are phospholipids?

A

75%

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7
Q

How many layers are in a phospholipid bilayer

A

2 parallel layers

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8
Q

Are phospholipids polar or non polar?

A

They are amphipathic (have both a polar & nonpolar region)

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9
Q

What do phospholipids do when put in water?

A

they will orientate themselves to make the lowest energy structure (nonpolar tails will spontaneously face away from water)

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10
Q

What is a membrane leaflet

A

One side of the phospholipid bilayer

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11
Q

Are membranes fluid

A

Yes

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12
Q

How can lipids move in the membrane?

A

They can move around within the plane of the membrane leaflet

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13
Q

Can lipids change between leaflets

A

Lipids rarely flip flop between membrane leaflets therefore the lipid composition of the leaflets can be asymmetric

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14
Q

What effect does the a longer lipid tail have on fluidity of the membrane

A

It makes the membrane less fluid

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15
Q

What do more double bonds do to the fluidity of the membrane

A

It makes it more fluid

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16
Q

What forms in the membrane due to double bonds

A

Double bonds make kinks, making them pack less tightly giving more fluidity (membrane less stable)

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17
Q

What are integral proteins

A

Membrane proteins that extend into or completely cross the cell membrane (they are embedded in the hydrophobic core)

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18
Q

What is a transmembrane protein

A

An integral membrane protein that goes completely across the plasma membrane

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19
Q

What are peripheral proteins

A

Membrane proteins attached to either inner or outer surface of cell membrane and are easily removed from it

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20
Q

How can you remove a peripheral protein from a plasma membrane

A

Easily removed by changing in ionic strength as you breaking an ionic bond

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21
Q

Are integral proteins polar or nonpolar?

A

They are amphipathic

22
Q

What do the hydrophobic regions of integral proteins contain?

A

non polar amino acids coiled into helices

23
Q

How to get membrane protein out of the membrane

A

break interactions between hydrophobic lipids and hydrophobic amino acids

24
Q

What is an ion channel protein?

A

An integral membrane protein that allows specific substances to move through a water-filled pore

25
Q

What is a transporter protein?

A

An integral membrane protein that changes its shape to move molecules across the membrane

26
Q

What is the membrane permeable too?

A

nonpolar uncharged molecules, small polar uncharged molecules, lipid soluble molecules

27
Q

What is the membrane NOT permeable too?

A

large uncharged polar molecules, ions

28
Q

How do lipid soluble molecules get across plasma membrane?

A

Lipid soluble molecules can interact with hydrophobic core and pass through the lipid bilayer

29
Q

How can ions and glucose cross the plasma membrane?

A

Through transmembrane proteins: Membrane proteins mediate the transport of substances across the membrane that can not permeate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer

30
Q

What is the principal of diffusion

A

the random mixing of particles in a solution as a result of the particle’s kinetic energy

31
Q

How to molecules move across the concentration gradient?

A

molecules move away from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

32
Q

What does a grater distance in concentration between two side of the membrane do to diffusion rate?

A

it will increase the rate of diffusion

33
Q

What does increasing the temperature do to the rate of diffusion

A

increase the rate of diffusion

34
Q

What do increasing the size of a diffusing substance do to diffusion rate?

A

slows the rate of diffusion

35
Q

What does increasing surface area do to the rate of diffusion?

A

It will increase the rate of diffusion

36
Q

What do increasing the diffusion distance do to the rate of diffusion

A

it slows the rate of diffusion

37
Q

Physical limit to cell size, due to diffusion

A

20 µm

38
Q

What does a thick membrane do to the rate of diffusion

A

it slows the rate of diffusion

39
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

non charged molecules will diffuse down their concentration gradients
(passive transport)

40
Q

What is an electrical gradient?

A

ions will be influenced by membrane potential in addition to their concentration gradient (Movement of ions will be influenced by the electrochemical gradient)

41
Q

Concentration of Na+ outside of the cell

A

150mM

42
Q

Concentration of K+ outside of the cell

A

5mM

43
Q

Concentration of Cl- outside of the cell

A

150mM

44
Q

Amount of resting energy that a cell uses to maintain a separation of charge between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid

A

30%

45
Q

What does a gradient represent?

A

Stored energy

46
Q

Where do Na+ ions diffuse to

A

Into cell

47
Q

Where do K+ ions diffuse to

A

out of cell

48
Q

Where do Cl- cells diffuse to

A

in and out cell

49
Q

What is osmosis

A

The net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a high [water] to a low [water].

50
Q

When will osmosis occur?

A

When there is a solute difference

51
Q

What feature does a membrane need to have to carry out osmosis?

A

Water permeable

BIOSCI 107 Part Two (17 decks)

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