cell physiology Flashcards
What changes the rate of cell reations
temperature
the rate of motion
shape of enzyme
denatures (egg whites)
functions of catalysts
- speed up reaction
- lowers activation energy (use less energy)
- recycled
denature
if you heat up proteins, it will pop hydrogen bonds and it causes proteins to unwind
ph
- acidity/ alkalinity of a solution
- reaction with hydrogen ions- change in protein shape-
- optimum PH for every enzyme in bond
- change shape of protein will change everything
stomach has a PH of …
2
homeostatic regulation often requires …
an energy source (ATP)
Adenosine Triphashate (ATP)
unstable
- high energy phospate bonds
- ATP molecule can be used like a rechargeable batter by the cell
if breaking water molecule = energy
when breaking phosphate bond =
release of energy
aerobic cellular respiration
mitochondia
series of chemical reactions involving OXYGEN where by glucose is used to synthesize ATP
three stages of aerobic cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron- Transport System
anaerobic
with out oxygen
GLYCOLYSIS
IT TAKES PLACE : cytoplasm
STARTING PRODUCTS: glycolysis
END PRODUCTS: pyruvic acid
HOW MANY ATP: 2 ATP
KREBS CYCLE
IT TAKES PLACE: mitochondria
STARTING PRODUCTS: pyruvic acid
END PRODUCTS: carbon dioxide
HOW MANY ATP: 2 ATP
ELECTRON- TRANSPORT SYSTEM
IT TAKES PLACE : mitochondrial membrane
STARTING PRODUCTS: hydrogen run through ATP synthase
END PRODUCTS: use o2 to make water
HOW MANY ATP: 34
one sugar you can make how many ATP
34
