cell physiology Flashcards
What changes the rate of cell reations
temperature
the rate of motion
shape of enzyme
denatures (egg whites)
functions of catalysts
- speed up reaction
- lowers activation energy (use less energy)
- recycled
denature
if you heat up proteins, it will pop hydrogen bonds and it causes proteins to unwind
ph
- acidity/ alkalinity of a solution
- reaction with hydrogen ions- change in protein shape-
- optimum PH for every enzyme in bond
- change shape of protein will change everything
stomach has a PH of …
2
homeostatic regulation often requires …
an energy source (ATP)
Adenosine Triphashate (ATP)
unstable
- high energy phospate bonds
- ATP molecule can be used like a rechargeable batter by the cell
if breaking water molecule = energy
when breaking phosphate bond =
release of energy
aerobic cellular respiration
mitochondia
series of chemical reactions involving OXYGEN where by glucose is used to synthesize ATP
three stages of aerobic cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron- Transport System
anaerobic
with out oxygen
GLYCOLYSIS
IT TAKES PLACE : cytoplasm
STARTING PRODUCTS: glycolysis
END PRODUCTS: pyruvic acid
HOW MANY ATP: 2 ATP
KREBS CYCLE
IT TAKES PLACE: mitochondria
STARTING PRODUCTS: pyruvic acid
END PRODUCTS: carbon dioxide
HOW MANY ATP: 2 ATP
ELECTRON- TRANSPORT SYSTEM
IT TAKES PLACE : mitochondrial membrane
STARTING PRODUCTS: hydrogen run through ATP synthase
END PRODUCTS: use o2 to make water
HOW MANY ATP: 34
one sugar you can make how many ATP
34
anaerobic respiration
-when cells switch to anaerobic - its less efficient makes 2 ATP
-glucose goes in and makes 2 pryuvic acid
and it can’t go through transport chain so it ends with lactic acid
lactic acid
burns when working out by product is lactic acid
gene
segment of your DNA that codes four specific trait; relates to protein synthesis
DNA
code for protein makes protens
