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Biology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of a subst from where it is in a high concentration to where it is in a lower conc

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2
Q

How is dif across a membr affected by conc grad?

A

Increased the c.g- faster diffusion

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3
Q

Size of mol

A

Small mol diffuse faster than larger mol

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4
Q

Temp

A

Increase temp- increase diffusion as mol have more kinetic en

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5
Q

Thickness

A

V thin- ideal for rapid dif

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6
Q

S.a of membr

A

Greater sa- faster diffusion

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7
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Supported/ fac by proteins

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8
Q

What do Carrier Proteins do?

A

Take in dif mol I.e glucose
Change shape
Rel mol on other side of membr
They have binding sites that match spec mol and assist movement of these mol across membr

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9
Q

What does (Ion) Channel Protein do?

A

These channels are formed by proteins with a central pore that enables charged particles (ions) to pass thru
Some are perm open vs others gated
Gated channels can open/close allowing contr of ion movement
Rate of facilitated diffusion is dep on no. Carrier/ channel proteins in membr

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10
Q

What does Active Transport do?

A

Conc grad- en req high to low conc
Inv protein carrier molecules
Subst to be transp binds to carrier protein
As with carriers in fac dif, carrier changes shape
Rel transp subst on other side of membr
Carriers are spec to partic type of mol/ion

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11
Q

What are the 2 key dif between active transport and fac dif?

A

1: subst moved against conc grad
2: met en in form of ATP req

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12
Q

What do cells that carry out a lot of active transport?

A

Large no. mitochondria- supply ATP for a.t

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13
Q

What is cytosis?

A

Subst transp in and out of cell w/o passing thru membr itself

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14
Q

Why is the process of cytosis imp in transp?

A

1: Large mol too big for carriers
2: Bulk transp of smaller mol

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15
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Cell surf membr invaginates around a subst entering cell from outside to form membr bound sac/ vesicle which then pinches off inside of cell surf membr
When vesicles taken into cell, fluid nature of cell surf membr allows it to reform and close gap created by cytosis

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16
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Inv transp of s mat into cell e.g. engulfing of bacteria by phagocytes

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17
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Inv transp of fluid into cell

18
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Movement of subst out of cell

19
Q

Descr process of exocytosis

A

Secretory vesicles( poss having budded off from GA) move to and fuse with cell surf membr
Contents of vesicles released outside cell
Creation of gap in cell surf membr is followed by reforming of membr

20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Net movement of water from high water conc (dilute) to low water conc across spm

21
Q

Hypertonic vs Hypotonic

A

Stronger sol vs weaker sol

22
Q

Isotonic

A

If 2 sol have equal conc= isotonic- no osmosis

23
Q

What is water potential?

A

Tendency to take in water across spm

24
Q

Why is pure water 0kPa?

A

All water mol free- not forming associations with other water mol
In sol some of water mol not free as they form hydr shells around solutes

25
Q

Why does solution always have a negative water pot?

A

Always some water in hydr shells

26
Q

How does a high conc solution affect water in cell?

A

The more neg Wp as more water bound up in hydr shells and not free
More likely to take in water by osmosis

27
Q

What is osmosis in relation to Wp?

A

Net movement of water through selectively permeable membrane from soltuion of less neg water pot to sol of more neg water potential

28
Q

What is the solute potential?

A

The potential of a solution to take in water

29
Q

What is this affected by?

A

Affected by space avail within the cell

30
Q

Descr the turgidity of a cell and its effect on ab to take in water

A

Turgid cell still has potential to take in water- more conc than pure water b/c turgid may be unable to take in water as there is no space

31
Q

What is pressure potential?

A

Effect of pressure on the solution

32
Q

What in particular inf the ability of turgid plant cell to take in/ lose water by osmosis?

A

Turgid plant exerts considerable pressure on cell wall

33
Q

What is equ for water pot of cell?

A

Wcell= Ws+Wp

34
Q

How is turgor support created?

A

Opposing forces of cell membr and cell wall on each other help create turgor support itself

35
Q

What is flaccidity?

A

Ceases to turgid- wilts

36
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

Loses water by osmosis- vacuole shrinks to the extent where cell membr pulls away from cell wall (except at points where adj. protoplasts are joined via plasmodesmata)

37
Q

What is incipient plasmolysis?

A

the point at which cell membr just begins to lose contact with cell wall

38
Q

What may cause plasmolysis?

A

Plants growing in a field that has been given too much fertiliser
Seed from woodland tree being carried to salt marsh and starting to germinate in this env.

39
Q

What is osmosis in animal cells like?

A

No cell wall- so nothing to stop expansion of cell membr until it bursts (lysis)- hypoton sol takes place

40
Q

What happens when animal cell placed in hypotonic sol?

A

Cell loses water by osmosis, shrinks and shrivels up (crenation)

Biology (7 decks)

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