Cell Pathology Flashcards
Tumor
any mass forming lesion
Neoplasm
autononymous growth of tissue wich has escaped normal dimensions of cell proliferation (Benign or Malignant)
Hamartomas
localised, normal tissue cells but abnormal architecture (benign)
Heterotopia
Normal tissue cells at wrong place
Difference Malignant and Benign Tumor (4 Points)
- Invasion
- Metastasis
- Differentiation
- Growth pattern
Spread of Malignant neoplasms
- Direct extension
- Lymphatic
- Haematogenous
- Transcoelomic (body cavaties)
- Perineural
Lethal cell injury
Cells die
Sublethal cell injury
cells get injured –> may be reversible or progress into cell death
List Causes of cell injury
- oxygen deprivation
- chemical agents
- infectious agents
- Immune response
- Genetic disorders
- Nutritinal Imbalance
- Physical agents
- Aging
Atrophy
cell size or organ size shrinking due to cell substance loss (size)
Hypertrophy
increased cell size –> results into organ increase size
physiological or pathological
due to 1. increased funtional demand or 2. hormonal stimmulation
Hyperplasia
inrease number of cells
pathological –> hormonal growht factors
physiological –> hormonal or compensatory
Metaplasia
reversible
cell type gets exchanged by another
Dysplasia
precancerous cells –> genetic and cytolocical cancer characteristics but without invasion
Necrosis
confluent cell death associated with inflammation
Coagulated necrosis
cells die, but can still be recognized as single cells
Liquefactive necrosis
Just in Brain
No cells are there anymore
Caseous necrosis
associated with TB
“cheesy”
Fat necrosis
Inflammation of pancreas
–> release of lipase –> break down of fatty acids
–> Fatty acids + Ca2+ form Calcium salts
Apoptosis
programmed cell death, requires energy
may be physiological
Necroptosis
combination of necrosis and apoptosis
energy dependant and associated with inflammation
e.g. viral infections
Cases which must be refered to coroner
unknown cause of death
not seen by doctor after of 14 days before death
violent, superspicious unknown cause of death
accident (whenever)
neglect by self or others
industiral /work related
abortion
during operation / before recovery from anesthetic
suicide
during or after police/ prison
poisoning
Coroner Autopsy
No consent required
just tissue which is associated with death, to find cause of death
Hospital autopsy
consent required
any tissue
to fill out death certificate
Causes of sudden, unexpected death
Coronary disease (–> arrythmia –> MI)
Vasculat disease ( aortic aneurism)
CNS (stroke, epilepsie)
Respiratory (Astmah)
Gastro intestinal
Trauma
Drug
Types of injury
Bruise
Abrasion
Laceration
Cut/Stab
Abraision
superficial, “scratch”
tearing of epidermis (schürfung)
Laceration
split, wound force trauma
“Platzwunde”
