Cell Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor

A

any mass forming lesion

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2
Q

Neoplasm

A

autononymous growth of tissue wich has escaped normal dimensions of cell proliferation (Benign or Malignant)

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3
Q

Hamartomas

A

localised, normal tissue cells but abnormal architecture (benign)

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4
Q

Heterotopia

A

Normal tissue cells at wrong place

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5
Q

Difference Malignant and Benign Tumor (4 Points)

A
  1. Invasion
  2. Metastasis
  3. Differentiation
  4. Growth pattern
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6
Q

Spread of Malignant neoplasms

A
  1. Direct extension
  2. Lymphatic
  3. Haematogenous
  4. Transcoelomic (body cavaties)
  5. Perineural
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7
Q

Lethal cell injury

A

Cells die

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8
Q

Sublethal cell injury

A

cells get injured –> may be reversible or progress into cell death

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9
Q

List Causes of cell injury

A
  1. oxygen deprivation
  2. chemical agents
  3. infectious agents
  4. Immune response
  5. Genetic disorders
  6. Nutritinal Imbalance
  7. Physical agents
  8. Aging
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10
Q

Atrophy

A

cell size or organ size shrinking due to cell substance loss (size)

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11
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increased cell size –> results into organ increase size

physiological or pathological

due to 1. increased funtional demand or 2. hormonal stimmulation

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12
Q

Hyperplasia

A

inrease number of cells

pathological –> hormonal growht factors

physiological –> hormonal or compensatory

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13
Q

Metaplasia

A

reversible

cell type gets exchanged by another

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14
Q

Dysplasia

A

precancerous cells –> genetic and cytolocical cancer characteristics but without invasion

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15
Q

Necrosis

A

confluent cell death associated with inflammation

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16
Q

Coagulated necrosis

A

cells die, but can still be recognized as single cells

17
Q

Liquefactive necrosis

A

Just in Brain

No cells are there anymore

18
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

associated with TB

“cheesy”

19
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Inflammation of pancreas

–> release of lipase –> break down of fatty acids

–> Fatty acids + Ca2+ form Calcium salts

20
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death, requires energy

may be physiological

21
Q

Necroptosis

A

combination of necrosis and apoptosis

energy dependant and associated with inflammation

e.g. viral infections

22
Q

Cases which must be refered to coroner

A

unknown cause of death

not seen by doctor after of 14 days before death

violent, superspicious unknown cause of death

accident (whenever)

neglect by self or others

industiral /work related

abortion

during operation / before recovery from anesthetic

suicide

during or after police/ prison

poisoning

23
Q

Coroner Autopsy

A

No consent required

just tissue which is associated with death, to find cause of death

24
Q

Hospital autopsy

A

consent required

any tissue

to fill out death certificate

25
Q

Causes of sudden, unexpected death

A

Coronary disease (–> arrythmia –> MI)

Vasculat disease ( aortic aneurism)

CNS (stroke, epilepsie)

Respiratory (Astmah)

Gastro intestinal

Trauma

Drug

26
Q

Types of injury

A

Bruise

Abrasion

Laceration

Cut/Stab

27
Q

Abraision

A

superficial, “scratch”

tearing of epidermis (schürfung)

28
Q

Laceration

A

split, wound force trauma

“Platzwunde”

29
Q
A