Cell Organelles Flashcards
Describe the cell membrane
Selectively permeable, controls passage of substances, separates cells contents from environment
What is the protoplasm?
Composed of nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasm made of cytosol, containing dissolved substances and water.
What is the nucleus?
Control centre of the cell. Colourless and transparent. Stores genetic information for cell activities. Nuclear membrane is doubled, and has pores. Contains the nucleolus, dense structure containing RNA that makes ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Network of flattened, connected membranes. Provides pathway between nucleus and cell environment. Role of transport, and processing cell products.
What is the function of rough ER?
Folds and processes proteins made by the cell, synthesise lipids.
What is the function of the smooth ER?
Main site of lipid production
What are ribosomes?
Small organelles made of RNA and proteins. They carry out the instructions of the DNA to produce proteins for the cell. Found on rough ER, and in cytoplasm.
What is the golgi body?
Made of flat membranes, in stacks of four to ten. They process, package and sort cell products. They put cell products into vesicles which bud off and are transported.
What are lysosomes?
Organelles formed by the golgi body that contains enzymes that digest old organelles.
What are mitochondria?
Organelles with inner folded membrane that perform cellular respiration. Has a double membrane. Inner membrane forms cristae. Inner space called matrix.
What are vacuoles?
Large, permanent, fluid filled sacs in plant cells. Contains salts, amino acids dissolved in water. Provide storage, and support the cell by keeping the cell wall firm.
What are chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis, contain green pigment chlorophyll. Have a double membrane. Liquid filling called stroma, Stacks of thylakoids called a granum.
What are centrioles?
Dense, granular structures that form the spindle fibres that hold the chromosomes during cell division.
What is the function of the plant cell wall?
Provides support and structure for the cell. Permeable to most molecules.
Identify and describe the three forms of cell locomotion
Cilia - small protrusions the move external substances around the cell, waving back and forth
Flagella - whip-like tails that propel the cell
Amoeboid movement - a crawling-like movement achieved by protruding and extending the cytoplasm
