Cell Morphology Flashcards
Largest bacterium
Thiomargarita Namibiensis
Most bacteria range in what size
0.4 - 2 um
3 Basic Bacteria Shapes
Cocci (spherical)
Bacilli (rod shaped)
Spirochetes (spiral)
Cocci in pairs
Diplococci
Cocci in chains
Streptococci
Cocchi in clusters
Staphylococci
Bacterial cells in four
Tetrad
Cocci in groups of eight
Sarcinae
Shape of bacilli with tapered, pointed ends are termed as?
Fusiform
When a species differs in size and shape within a pure culture, it is termed as?
Pleomorphic
Bacilli in single rods/paired
Diplobacilli
Bacilli in chains
Streptobacilli
Bacterium that align themselves side by side
palisades
Bacterium ovoid in shape is termed as
Coccibacilli
Examples of Basic dyes
Methylene Blue
Basic fuchsin
Crystal violet
Safranin
Malachite green
Example of acidic dye
Eosin
Type of staining that applies only single staining solution
Simple staining
Basic dyes have an affinity for
Nuclei
Acidic dyes have an affinity for
Cytoplasm
Type of staining directed towards the forms and shapes of cells
Simple Staining
Type of staining that applies 2 or more stains
Differential satining
4 components of Differential Staining
Primary Stain
Mordant
Decolorizer
Counterstain
Type of staining which results in bacteria as light colored bodies against a dark background
Negative Staining
In Negative staining, which comes first on the slide, Organism or Stain?
Stain
Examples of dyes used in Negative staining
India Ink
Nigrosin Stain
Gram stain was developed by who
Hans Christian Gram
Who did Hans Christian Gram work with
Carl Friedlander
Primary stain of Gram Staining method
Crystal Violet
Mordant used in Gram staining method
Iodine
Decolorizing agent used in Gram staining method
Alcohol/Alcoholacetone
Counterstain used in Gram staining method
Safranin
Which has a thicker cell wall, Gram+ bacterium or Gram- bacterium
Gram+
What does Gram+ bacteria have that Gram- dont
Teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Thick peptidoglycan
What do Gram- bacteria have that Gram+ dont
Porin
Lipopolysaccharides
Thin peptidoglycan
Color of stained gram+ bacteria
blue to purple
Color of stained gram- bacteria
pink
Determines the Gram staining characteristics of a species
Cell wall structure
May be used in gram staining instead of fixation
Methyl Alcohol
If crystal violet is rinsed too vigorously…
Poor to No staining of Gram- organisms
If decolorization is too vigorous or prolonged…
Gram+ will not stain
If decolorization is insufficient, organisms may be…
Falsely Gram+
If Counterstain (Safranin) is prolonged…
Gram+ will be affected
If counterstain (safranin) is insufficient…
failure in staining Gram- materials
Primary stain in Acid-Fast Staining Method
Carbol Fuchsin
Penetration of dye by heat
Ziehl-Neelsen method
Penetration of dye by a detergent or cold with tergitol
Kinyoun method
Decolorizing agent used in Acid-Fast Staining method
Acidified alcohol
Counterstain used in Acid-Fast Staining method
Methylene Blue
Color of stained Acid-Fast bacteria
Red
Color of stained Non Acid-Fast bacteria
Blue
Acid-Fast staining is used to identify:
Saccharomyces
Coccidian Parasites
Fluorochrome stain used in Acid-Fast Staining used for Screening Specimens
Auramine-Rhodamine
Myobacteria in Fluorescent Stain stains what color
Bright Orange
Myobacteria in Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelstain Stain stains what color
Red
Background material in Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelstain Stain stains what color
Blue
A flourochrome dye that stains both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria
Acridine Orange
A colorless dye that binds to cellulose and chitin
Calcofluor White
Stain that may be used as a specific stain for rapid screening of clinical specimens for fungal elements
Calcofluor White
Yeast cells, Pseudohyphae, and Hyphae, stains what color under Calcofluor Stain?
Bright Apple-Green / Blue-White
The neutral dye used in Rapid Modified Wright-Giemsa Stain is a combination of?
Basic Thiazine Dyes & Acid Eosin
Methylene Blue has traditionally been used to stain what bacterium
C. diptheriae
Used to stain walls of medically important fungi grown in slide culture
Lactophenol Cotton Blue
Commonly used to stain bacterial spores
Schaefer-Fulton Spore stain
Primary stain used in Schaefer-Fulton Spore staining method
Malachite Green
Counterstain used in Schaefer-Fulton Spore staining method
Safranin
In the Schaefer-Fulton Spore staining method, Endospores stain what color
Green
In the Schaefer-Fulton Spore staining method, Bacterial cells stain what color
Pink / Red
