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General Biology Q1 > Cell Modification > Flashcards

Cell Modification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 Types of Cell Modification

A

Apical Modification
Lateral Modification
Basal Modification

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2
Q

Highest point or top of a shape or object (apex)

A

Apical

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3
Q

TYPE of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell

A

Apical Modification

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4
Q

Villi, cilia, flagella, root hairs

A

Apical Modification

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5
Q

also called as a brush or striated border

A

villi

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6
Q

finger-like cytoplasmic extension

A

villi

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7
Q

arises from the cell’s surface

A

villi

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8
Q

increases surface area allowing faster and more efficient absorption

A

villi

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9
Q

regularly arranged in epithelia

A

villi

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10
Q

present in small intestine

A

villi

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11
Q

provides a short distance for the diffusion of food molecules in the blood

A

villi

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12
Q

each villus has a ?

A

lacteal

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13
Q

lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine

A

lacteal

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14
Q

smaller villi

A

microvilli

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15
Q

elongated, motile structures on the surface of some epithelial cells

A

cilia

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16
Q

short hair-like projections

A

cilia

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17
Q

made up of microtubules

A

cilia

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18
Q

connected to a basal body and extends from the free surface

A

cilia

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19
Q

exhibits rapid back-and-forth movement

A

cilia

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20
Q

found in the respiratory tract

A

cilia

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21
Q

tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body

A

flagella

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22
Q

bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules

A

flagella

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23
Q

same axial structure with cilia but much longer

A

flagella

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24
Q

present in the tail of spermatozoa

A

flagella

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25
Q

long tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells

A

root hairs

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26
Q

aids in plant nutrient acquisition, anchorage, and microbe interaction

A

root hairs

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27
Q

increases the root’s surface area

A

root hairs

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28
Q

of, at, toward, or from the side/s

A

lateral

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29
Q

TYPE of cell modification that is found on the basal surface of the cell

A

basal modification

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30
Q

tight junction, adherens junction, gap junction

A

lateral modification

31
Q

intercellular adhesion complexes in epithelia and endothelia

A

tight junction

32
Q

controls paralcellular permeability

A

tight junction

33
Q

from the border between the apical and basolateral cell surface domains

A

tight junction

34
Q

established and maintains cell polarity by restricting the distribution of lipids within the membrane

A

tight junction

35
Q

establishes a barrier that prevents extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells

A

tight junction

36
Q

regulates the passage of ions, water, and macromolecules through the regions between cells (paracellular space)

A

tight junction

37
Q

element of the cell-to-cell junction

A

adherens junction

38
Q

has cadherin receptors that bridge the neighboring plasma membranes via their homophilic interactions

A

adherens junction

39
Q

preserves tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to actin filaments

A

adherens junction

40
Q

maintains the physical association between cells

A

adherens junction

41
Q

associates with cytoplasmic proteins which turn bind to cytoskeleton components

A

cadherin

42
Q

cytoplasmic proteins

A

catenins

43
Q

anchoring junction on the lateral surface of the cell

A

adherens junction

44
Q

very similar to the anchoring junction of the basal surface of the cell

A

adherens junction

45
Q

fastens cells to one another

A

adherens junction

46
Q

interacts with other proteins including signaling molecules that renders AJs into highly dynamic and regulatable structures

A

cadherins

47
Q

intercellular channels that allow ions, tiny molecules, and electrical impulses to be exchanged directly between nearby cells

A

gap junctions

48
Q

communicating junctions

A

gap junctions

49
Q

closable channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells

A

gap junctions

50
Q

has the presence of connexon

A

gap junctions

51
Q

allows direct exchange of chemicals between the cytoplasm of two cells

A

connexon

52
Q

forming or belonging to a bottom layer (base)

A

basal

53
Q

found on the basal surface of the cell

A

basal modification

54
Q

desmosomes and basal infoldings

A

basal modification

55
Q

specializes cell-to-cell junctions which provide mechanical strength to mechanically stressed tissues

A

desmosomes

56
Q

mechanically stressed tissues

A

skin & heart muscle

57
Q

anchoring junction on the basal surface of the cell

A

desmosomes

58
Q

composed of keratin, integrins, and cadherins

A

desmosomes

59
Q

rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components

A

desmosomes

60
Q

extracellular matrix components

A

basal lamina (underlies epithelia)

61
Q

supports the epithelium

A

basal infoldings

62
Q

passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter

A

basal infoldings

63
Q

present in mitochondria

A

basal infoldings

64
Q

shows infoldings and invaginations dividing the base of the cell into many compartments parallel to each other

A

basal infoldings

65
Q

contains mitochondria to give energy for active transport of ions

A

basal infoldings

66
Q

increases the lateral surface area and functional capacity of that surface

A

basal infoldings

67
Q

impermeable junctions

A

tight junctions

68
Q

lining of the digestive tract

A

tight junctions

69
Q

? binds to adjacent cells

A

anchoring junctions

70
Q

adjacent cells

A

velcro

71
Q

form internal tension-reducing network of fibers

A

desmosomes

72
Q

plaques on surface of membrane attached to protein filaments

A

desmosomes

73
Q

found in electrically excitable tissues to synchronize

A

gap junction

74
Q

electrically excitable tissue

A

gap junction

General Biology Q1 (8 decks)

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