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Anatomy > Cell Membrane Dynamics (ch3) > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Dynamics (ch3) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the cell

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Plasma membrane

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2
Q

Function of plasma membrane

A
  • provides flexible support
  • Physical isolation (seperates ICF and ECF)
  • Regulates flow of material b/w cells and external environment
  • communication b/w cells
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3
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

movement of fluid lipids and contains different proteins

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4
Q

amphipathic molecules

A

having both polar and non polar parts

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5
Q

hydrophilic

A

interacts with water

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6
Q

hydrophobic

A

does not interact with water

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7
Q

types of lipid molecules

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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8
Q

Phospholipid head

A

polar, hydrophilic, contains choline and phosphate

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9
Q

Phospholipid tail

A

nonpolar, hydrophobic, contains fatty acid chain

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10
Q

what connects the tail end and head end

A

glycerol backbone

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11
Q

what % of lipid bilayer is phospholipid

A

75%

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12
Q

what % of lipid bilayer is cholesterol

A

20%

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13
Q

Function of cholesterol

A

makes membrane impermeable to small water molecules, keeps membranes flexible

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14
Q

cholesterol is a ________?

A

steroid

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15
Q

Cholesterol head end

A

polar, hydrophilic, contains hydroxyl groups

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16
Q

Cholesterol tail end

A

nonpolar, hydrophobic

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17
Q

what % of lipid bilayers is glycolipids

A

5%

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18
Q

What is a glycolipid

A

sugar attached to fat, only appears on the external surface, creates a asymmetric bilayer

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19
Q

Glycolipid head end

A

polar, hydrophilic, contain sugar and glycerol

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20
Q

glycolipid tail end

A

nonpolar, hydrophobic, contains fatty acids

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21
Q

sugar bound to lipid

A

glycolipid

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22
Q

sugar bound to protein

A

glycoprotein

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23
Q

glycocalyx

A

sticky layer

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24
Q

Cell membrane consist of

A

cholesterol, phospholipids, carbohydrates, proteins

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25
Q

cholesterol and phospholipids form…

A

lipid bilayer

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26
Q

Phospholipids and carbohydrates form…,

A

glycolipids

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27
Q

carbohydrates and proteins form…

A

glycoproteins

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28
Q

Function of lipid bilayer

A

barrier between cytosol and external environment

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29
Q

function of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

provides stability, cell recognition, and immune response for cell membrane

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30
Q

classes of protein membranes

A

integral proteins and peripheral proteins

31
Q

integral proteins

A

lie within the membrane, key part of cell membrane

32
Q

peripheral proteins

A

bound to inner or outer surface of membrane, can be removed

33
Q

Channel proteins

A

will always have clear access, the pore allows ions to flow through,

34
Q

Carrier proteins

A

one end of protein is always closed, transports substance by changing shape, aka as transporter

35
Q

Receptor proteins

A

bind and respond to ions, will trigger other events, alters cells function

36
Q

Enzyme

A

catalyze reactions takes place on external surface or inside membrane

37
Q

Anchoring proteins

A

links cells togethers, provides structural stability and shape for cell, aka as structural & linker protein

38
Q

Recognition proteins

A

distinguishes your cells from somebody else’s

39
Q

membrane fluidity

A

movement of lipids & proteins

40
Q

movement of lipids and proteins

A

mobile in their own half of bilayer

41
Q

movement of phospholipds

A

fast, 10 million times/sec, flip flopping = rare

42
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration of chemicals on different sides if membrane

43
Q

electrical gradient

A

difference in concentration of ions between one side of the plasma membrane and the other

44
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

made from concentration gradient and electrical gradient

45
Q

General properties of diffusion
1. Diffusion is a ________ process.
2. molecules move from a _____________.
3. Net movement of molecules occurs until _________,
4. Diffusion is ______ over short distances and _______ over long distance
5. Diffusion is directly related to _______
6. Diffusion rate is inversely related to _______
7. Diffusion can take place in an _____ or _______

A
  1. passive process
  2. a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
  3. concentration is equal everywhere
  4. rapid, slower
  5. temperature
  6. molecular weight and size
  7. open system, across a partition that separates two compartments.
46
Q

Primary influences of diffusion

A

concentration gradient, lipid solubility of diffusing substance, mass of the diffusing substance

47
Q

Simple diffusion

A
  • molecules can mix with polar heads
  • lipid soluble non polar molecules can dissolve through membrane
48
Q

Types of facilitated diffusion

A

Channel-mediated & Carrier Mediated

49
Q

Channel Mediated Facilitated diffusion

A

targets small ions and water, act like door across membrane

50
Q

Carrier-Mediated Facilitated Diffusion

A

Targets larger water soluble compounds, acts as revolving door

51
Q

Osmosis

A

takes place in selective permeable membrane that is permeable to to water, movement of water

52
Q

Water flow in osmosis

A

water flows to the solution that has higher concentration

53
Q

osmotic pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmotic flow

54
Q

isomatic solution

A

contain equal number of particles per volume

55
Q

Hyperosmotic solution

A

If solution A has a higher osmolarity than solution B

56
Q

Hyposmotic

A

If solution B has a lower osmolarity than solution A

57
Q

normal osmolarity of human body

A

300

58
Q

Tonicity

A

how a solution affects cell volume

59
Q

isotonic

A

does not cause osmotic flow

60
Q

hypotonic

A

cell gains water

61
Q

hypertonic

A

cell loses water

62
Q

passive process

A

move down the concentration gradient

63
Q

Active process

A

requires energy to move against concentration gradient
- exhibits and transport maximum and saturation

64
Q

primary active transport

A

requires ATP to transport substances, aka as pumps

65
Q

Secondary Active transport

A

doesnt rely on ATP, uses energy from concentration gradient

66
Q

Vesicular transport

A

substances move in vesicles, performs bulk transport, requires ATP

67
Q

types of endocytosis

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, bulk phase endocytosis

68
Q

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

A
  • ions bind to clathrin-coated pits
  • clathrin removed and returns to membrane
  • transport mechanism for protein, hormones, plasma proteins
69
Q

Phagocytes

A

Performed by macrophages and neutrophils
- pathogens bind onto membrane receptors
- phagosome fuses with lysosomes

70
Q

Bulk phase endocytosis or pinocytosis

A
  • non selective process
  • transports fluid content
  • not well understood
71
Q

exocytosis

A
  • goes everywehre
  • release of neurotransmitters by neurons
  • insertion og glucose transporters or water channels
72
Q

transcytosis

A
  • combination of endocytosis and exocytosis
  • makes it possible for large proteins to move across epithelium and remain intact
73
Q

Caveolae

A

-“little caves”
- used to concentrate receptor- bound molecules

Anatomy (6 decks)

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