Cell Membrane And Transport

Question 1

Ficks law of diffusion

Answer 1

J=-DA delta c/delta x

Question 2

Most important factor determining movement of lipid soluble substance across cell membrane

Answer 2

Lipid solubility >molecular diameter>molecular weight

Question 3

Nephron transporters

Answer 3

UTA1
UTA2
.
.
UTA4

Question 4

RBC and vasa recta transporter

Answer 4

UTB

Question 5

Non-ionic diffusion of NH3 where

Answer 5

Collecting duct

Question 6

Eg of non-ionic diffusion

Answer 6

Secretion of NH3 by collecting duct cells
Excretion by weak acids and weak bases by collecting duct
Absorption of weak acids by stomach
Absorption of bile acids by distal ileum

Question 7

Primary active transport by

Answer 7

Na-k pump
H-k pump
SERCA

Question 8

Secondary active transport types

Answer 8

Co-transport

Counter transport

Question 9

Main function of Na-k pump

Answer 9

Genesis of RMP

Cell volume regulation

Question 10

Binding site on Na-k pump on ECF side

Answer 10

K- binding site

Ouabain binding site

Question 11

3 sites on inner side of Na-k pump

Answer 11

Na binding site
ATP binding site
Phosphorylation site

Question 12

Affect of hormones on Na-k pump

Thyroid,aldosterone,insulin,dopamine,anp

Answer 12

Check book ;)

Question 13

Co transport counter transport eg

Answer 13

Check notebook pls 🤲🏽

Question 14

Eg of docking protein

Answer 14

Syntaxin/T-snare protein
Synaptobrevin/V-snare protein
SNAP-25

Question 15

Eg of non-constitutive/regulated exocytosis

Answer 15

Synthesis-processing-storage-release

Eg pls check

Question 16

Constitutive pathway exocytosis eg

Answer 16

Synthesis-release
Secretion of Ig by plasma cell
Secretion of collagen by fibroblast

Question 17

Pinocytosis eg

Answer 17

Ca
ATP
Cadherin
Caveolin

Question 18

Transcytosis eg

Answer 18

Colostrum to baby blood

(As intestinal epithelium is not mature in newborn

Question 19

Donnan effect

Answer 19

When two compartments are separated by semipermeable membrane with impermeant anions (protein-) on one side of this semi-permeable membrane,there is an unequal distribution of a pair of diffusable ions at equilibrium (no net transport)

Question 20

Gibbs-donnan equation

Answer 20

Gives the mathematical relationship between 2 diffusible ions at equilibrium in 2 compartments separated by semi-permeable membrane with impermeant anions (-pr) on one side of this semipermeable membrane

Question 21

Nernst equation

Answer 21

To calculate equilibrium potential

Equilibrium potential=2.3 RT/FZ log c1/c2
(Know what each of those letters mean)

2.3RT/F =61.5 mV (approx 60 mV)

Question 22

Equilibrium potential of 
K
Cl
Mg
Na
Ca

Answer 22

K=-90mv
Cl=-70mv
Mg=0mv
Na=+61 mV
Ca=+125 mv

Question 23

Resting membrane potential given by which equation

Answer 23

Goldman Hodgkin Katz equation

Question 24

Goldman Hodgkin Katz equation based on 2

Answer 24

Conc gradient of ions

Cell membrane permeability for the ions

Question 25

Check the equation pls | So in the equation conc for negative charge ion on the numerator side is of outside or inside

Answer 25

For negative ion the outside conc is numerator

Question 26

Cell membrane is most permeable to which ion at rest

Answer 26

K+

Question 27

Most diffusible ion at rest

Answer 27

K+

Question 28

If extracellular concentration of Na+ is increased agar happens to RMP

Answer 28

No Change (Membrane is almost impermeable to Na)

Question 29

Which ion contribute to maximum to RMP

Answer 29

K+

Question 30

Values of RMP of different cells

Answer 30

Pls pls check your mobile

Question 31

Effect of hypokalemia on RMP and common symptom

Answer 31

Increase potential Decreased excitability Symptom -muscle weakness If you don’t know how it happens pls go through your notes -.-

Question 32

Effect of hyperkalemia on RMP and common symptom

Answer 32

Increase potential Decrease excitability Symptom-arrhythmia If you don’t know how it happens pls go through your notes -.-

Question 33

Two types of channels

Answer 33

Leak | Gated

Question 34

Types of gated channels

Answer 34

Voltage gated Ligand gated Phosphorylation channel Mechanosensitive

Question 35

Dimer trimer tetramer pentamer channels

Answer 35

Dimer -not in humans (chloride channels in bacteria,animals) Trimer - ENaCs (epithelial Na channel) Tetramer - K+,acquaporin Pentamer- chloride channel,ligand gated channel (acetylcholine receptor)

Question 36

Feedback systems

Answer 36

Negative Positive Adaptive control

Question 37

Negative feedback eg

Answer 37

Control of blood pressure with baroreceptor mechanism

Question 38

Positive feedback eg (mnemonic)

Answer 38

``` C-clotting,ca release from SR during muscle contraction L- LH surge,let down reflex A-action potential P-parturition S-shock ```

Question 39

Gain of negative feedback system formula

Answer 39

Correction/error