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Immunology > Cell Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

Cell Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of CTLs ?

A

Lysis viruses (obligate intracellular )

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2
Q

What is the function of T helper cell?

A

Activate Phagocytes by INf gamma to help it kill the microbe

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3
Q

Why does T helper cell activate phagocytes

A

Because phagocytes failed to lysis the microbe and this will cause multiplation of microbe which at the end kill the phagocyte itself

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4
Q

What will happen to the microbe in APC like dendritic cell after kill it ?

A

It’s Ag will be degraded into fragments ( peptides and epitopes) .

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5
Q

Epitopes are carried on ____ in phagocytes

A

Clefts (grooves) of MHC molecules

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6
Q

What TCL recognize only ?

A

Processed protein Ag (epitope) associated with MHC molecule

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7
Q

What is the Ag (epitope) binding site on MHC CLASS 1 AND MHC CLASS 2?

A

MHC CLASS 1 between alpha 1 and alpha 2.
MHC CLASS 2 between alpha 1 and beta 1

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8
Q

Name the cells that increase phagocytosis ability of phagocytes cells in innate immunity and adaptive immunity

A

Innate immunity is NK cells
Adaptive immunity is T helper cell

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9
Q

What is positive selection?

A

T Cell expressing TCR that recognize self MHC Molecule are selected to survive
If they doesn’t recognize they will be killed

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10
Q

What will happen to a t cell recognize self MHC molecules?

A

It will survive

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11
Q

In negative selection , what we call a t cell expressing TCR that recognize self peptide ? And what will happen to it?

A

Self reactive clones, and it is killed by apoptosis

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12
Q

If t cell expressing TCR recognize self peptide are not apoptosised it will cause

A

Autoimmune reaction

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13
Q

Which of the following t cells are released from thymus ?

A

Those recognize foreign (not self) Ag on associated with self (not foreign) MHC

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14
Q

A man who’s thymus in negative selection failed , what will happen to him?

A

Autoimmune reaction

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15
Q

What we call a t cell that mature before encountering Ag

A

Naiive

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16
Q

TCR ( t cell receptor) formed of alpha and beta polypeptide chain , each one contain 2 constant regions and 2 variable regions , name its functions

A

Constant region: attached to cell membrane
Variable regions: recognize
# specific peptide Ag (epitope)
# part of MHC molecules

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17
Q

Each t cell clone expresses TCR specific for 1 Ag (epitope)
True or False

A

True

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18
Q

What is epitope( antigenic determinant)

A

The smallest biochemical unit of Ag that bind specifically with Ag receptor on B and T lymphocytes

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19
Q

What does B and T lymphocytes only recognize?

A

Epitope

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20
Q

Name the cells that process exogenous Ag into epitopes

A

MQ , dendritic , B cell

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21
Q

What is the steps of CD4+ t helper cells activation in 2ry lymphoid organs

A

Step 1: TCR recognize its specific Ag (epitope) presented on MHC CLASS 2 Mol
Step 2: CD4 (coreceptor) interacts with MHC mol class 2 –> stabilizes interaction of TCR with its specific Ag.
Step 3: CD3 transmitts intracellular activation signal

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22
Q

What is the function of CD3 in t cells?

A

Signal transduction

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23
Q

Name APCs costimulator that interacts with T helper costimulator

A

B7 interacts with CD28
ICAM- interacts with LFA -1
CD40 interacts with CD40L (Ligand)

24
Q

What we call t helper cell that doesn’t make 2nd signal?

A

Anergy or unresponsive cell
by the way this condition is rare

25
Q

Viruses or intracellular bacteria are called

A

Intracellular organize/ microbe/pathogen

26
Q

What we call the protein that degrade intracellular pathogen into peptides fragment

A

Proteasome

27
Q

What is the source of expressed Ag for MHC class 1 and MHC class 2

A

MHC class1 : endogenously synthesis (new Ag) in cytoplasm (from intracellular microbes )

MHC class2 : exogenously phagocytesd Ag in phagolysosome

28
Q

What is the function of IL2 and who produce it ?

A

Production:t helper cell
Function: clones expansion

29
Q

What is clonal expansion?

A

Proliferation into cells with same Ag specificity and same TCR

30
Q

Who activate T cytotoxic cells?

A

IL2 produced by t helper cells

31
Q

What is the difference between CTL and T cytotoxic cells ?

A

CTL cotain 2 granules which T cytotoxic cells doesn’t acquire them
perforins and granzymes

32
Q

What are the 2 markers expressed on infected cells to be recognized by CTLs ?

A

MHC class 1 and FAS(factor for apoptosis signal)

33
Q

What are the steps of 1st signal of recognition of Ag and MHC on APC in t helper and t cytotoxic cells ?

A

1) TCR recognize its specific Ag (epitope) associated with MHC class2 (MHC 1 if the binding cell T cytotoxic)

2) CD4 (CD8 if the binding cell is T cytotoxic) work as coreceptor that interact with MHC class 1 or class 2 and stabilize interaction of TCR with its specific Ag

3) CD3 transmitted intracellular activation signal

34
Q

CD 28 activate B7

A

False

35
Q

Who will kill cells that doesn’t express MHC class 1 ?

A

NK cells

36
Q

Only Adaptive immune cells have specific Ag receptor , which means that phagocytes and Nk killer’s does not have that

A

True

37
Q

Who produce IL4 and what function does it do ?

A

Produced by Mast cell and t helper 2
Function: interact with naive t cells to become t helper 2 ( positive feed back )

Prevent with the help of IL4 , 10 , 13 MQ to produce IL12(cross regulation)

38
Q

An immune cell induced by providing flammatory cytokines

A

Th 17

39
Q

Name CD on NK and which of them are specific

A

CD 16
CD 56 (specific)

40
Q

NK is activated by

A

IL 12 from MQ
Type 1 IFN ( innate immunity) and
IL 2 from Th 1 ( adaptive)

41
Q

NK target

A

Virally infected cells
Cells with IC bacteria
Tumors

42
Q

Name all NK receptor

A

Activating R
Inhibitory “
IL12 R
IL2 R

43
Q

NK pathway Killing is

A

Perforin

44
Q

T helper 1 is formatted in response to _______ & _______ by
_______ produced from _______&______

A

IC bacteria and viruses
IL12
MQ AND DC cells

45
Q

Name the cells that secrete IFN gamma ( type 1 interferon)

A

T helper 1
NK

46
Q

Function of IFN gamma are

A

activate of MQ (main stimulater) to kill bacteria

# Increases IgG (opsonin) from B cell
# Increases IL12 from APC —-> more T helper 1 (positive feedback) and decreases generation of T helper 2 (cross regulation)
# Increases TNF alpha and IL1 and IL 6(not mention in the book)

Note IFN gamma can be released from NK to + MQ

47
Q

Name the cells that produce IL2 cytokines

A

T helper 1

48
Q

Name the function of IL2

A

+ NK and Th , Tc ( t cell growth)

49
Q

Name the cells that produce IL4

A

Mast cell
T helper 2

50
Q

What is the main role of T helper 2

A

Immunity against helminthic infections

51
Q

What will happen to MQ when IFN gamma activate it

A

Increase lysosomal protease and ROS and nitric oxide

52
Q

Which cytokines activate eosinophil ? And who produce it

A

IL5 produced by T helper 2
عملية تصحيح

53
Q

T helper 17 formated in response to _______&________

A

Fungi
Some Extracellular bacteria

54
Q

T helper 17 is activated by

A

IL 6(proinflammatory] and TGF beta ( from dendritic cell)

55
Q

Who produce IFN GAMMA and name all its function

A

Produced by NK and t helper 1
Function :
# + MQ
# production of IgG

56
Q

Who produce IL2 and name its all functions

A

+ T cytotoxic & T helper cells

(T cell growth factor)
# + NK

Immunology (5 decks)

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