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bio 340 > Cell Junction and EC Matrix > Flashcards

Cell Junction and EC Matrix Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 2 broad categories of animal tissues?

A

epithelial and connective tissues

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2
Q

what are 4 functional classes of cell junction in animal tissue?

A

anchoring junctions
occluding junctions
channel-forming junctions
signal-relaying junctions

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3
Q

what are anchoring junctions?

A

cell-cell adhesion, epithelial cells connecting
cell-matrix adhesion, cells connecting to basal lamina
bound to cytoskeletal filaments

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4
Q

what are occluding junctions?

A

sealing off gaps between 2 cells
selectively permeable
also known as tight junctions

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5
Q

what are channel-forming junctions?

A

passageway that links the cytoplasm of 2 cells
small molecules and ions can pass through
also known as gap junction

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6
Q

what are signal-relaying junctions?

A

signal relay between cells
complex structures
does chemical and immunological synapses

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7
Q

what is the name for cell-cell junctions for actin?

A

adherens junctions

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8
Q

what is the name for cell-matrix junctions for actin?

A

actin-linked cell-matrix adhesion

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9
Q

what is the name for cell-cell junctions in intermediate filament?

A

desmosomes

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10
Q

what is the name for cell-matrix junctions in intermediate filaments?

A

hemidesmosomes

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11
Q

what are tight junctions?

A

seals gap between epithelial cells (occluding junctions)

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12
Q

what are cadherins?

A

cell-cell transmembrane adhesion proteins in anchoring junctions
bind to other caderins. calcium dependent

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13
Q

what are integrins?

A

cell-matrix transmembrane adhesion proteins in anchoring junctions

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14
Q

cadherins are made up of?

A

cadherin domains connected by calcium at hinge regions

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15
Q

what is homophilic binding?

A

two of the same receptors that can bind to each other

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16
Q

what is heterophilic binding?

A

receptor and ligand are 2 separate proteins

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17
Q

what is affinity?

A

the absolute stickness of a binding to b

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18
Q

what is avidity?

A

how many of a is on a surface

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19
Q

what are adheron junctions?

A

links actin filaments

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20
Q

what is an adhesion belt?

A

adheron junctions linked together

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21
Q

how do you make an epithelial tube?

A

tighten adhesion belt with moving actins closer-> epithelial tube pinches off

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22
Q

what is pemphigus?

A

destruction of desmosomes on epidermal cells

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23
Q

the difference between tight juntions and septate junctions is that

A

tight junctions found in vertebrates and septate junctions found in invertebrates

24
Q

what are claudins and occuldins?

A

interact with each other to form a tight seal, transmembrane proteins of tight junction

25
Q

tight junctions are usually ____ to adherens and desmosome junctions

A

apical (on top)

26
Q

what are scaffolding proteins?

A

organize functional complexes, where junctions need to go on membrane

27
Q

small molecules and ions that pass through channel-forming junctions are linked _____ and _____

A

electrically and metabolically

28
Q

the channels in the channel-forming junctions are made up of ____ and _____

A

connexins and innexins. connexins in vertebrates, fruit flies and roundworms in innexins

29
Q

what are connexins?

A

4-pass transmembrane proteins

30
Q

what are connexons?

A

6 connexins together, to form channel. can be made of the same type (homotypic) or different (heteotypic) just one is called a hemichannel (needs one from each membrane to make full channel)

31
Q

why do you need gap junctions?

A

want cells to be linked (heart, few cells receive a signal to deliver to the rest)

32
Q

gap junction permeability is controlled by

A

changes in calcium and pH

33
Q

what are desmotubules?

A

link 2 plant cells, goes through cell wall

34
Q

is the extracelluar matrix diverse?

A

yes, can be bones, eyes, tendons, jelly

35
Q

what is the extracellular matrix?

A

composed of carbohydrates and proteins that form a structure that can bind cells that are embedded.

36
Q

what is the basal lamina?

A

network of extracellular matrix macromolecules

37
Q

what is the function of the basal lamina?

A

mechanical support, determination of cell polarity, cell migration, cell survival/proliferation/differentiation

38
Q

how is the basal lamina produced?

A

by cells on either side of it

39
Q

what proteins make up the basal lamina?

A

nidogen, periecan, laminin, type IV collagen, intergrin

interact with themselves or each other

40
Q

what are the fiborous proteins of the basal lamina proteins?

A

laminin, type IV collagen, nidogen

41
Q

what are the polysaccharide chains called glycosaminoglycan of the basal lamina proteins?

A

perlecan

42
Q

what protein anchors the rest in the basal lamina?

A

intergrins

43
Q

what is junctional epidermolysis bullosa?

A

mutation in a collagen in basal lamina

44
Q

what is laminin?

A

protein thats part of extracellular matrix, composed of 3 polypeptide chains twisted together

45
Q

what is anchorage dependence?

A

cells have to be attached to extracellular matrix

46
Q

what cells often escape anchorage dependence?

A

cancer cells, dont need to attach to anything

47
Q

what are integrins?

A

two chains, non-covalent association

48
Q

extracellular matrix of connective tissues is made by

A

fibroblasts

49
Q

what is glycosaminoglycan?

A

unbranched polysaccharide chain with repeating disaccharide units
hydrophilic and gel-like, can withstand compressive force

50
Q

what do insects have instead of glycosaminoglycan?

A

chitin

51
Q

what do plants have instead of glycosaminoglycan?

A

cellulose

52
Q

what are the 2 subtypes of glycosaminoglycan?

A

hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans

53
Q

what is hyaluronic acid?

A

repeating disaccharides

54
Q

what is proteoglycans?

A

repeating disaccharides linked to a protein

55
Q

what is collagen?

A

fibrous protein found in all multicellular organisms, 3 chains twisted.

56
Q

describe formation of collagen

A
  1. synthesis of pro-alpha chain (pro means it is grown as a longer piece so some parts will be thrown away)
  2. hydroxylation of selected prolines and lysines
  3. glycosylation of selected hydroxylysines
  4. self-assembly of 3 pro-alpha chains
  5. pro-collagen triple-helix formation
  6. secretion
  7. cleavage
  8. assemble into fibril
  9. aggregation of collagen fibrils to form a collagen fiber
57
Q

what is degradation of extracellular matrix used for?

A

tissue repair, normal turnover, cell migration, mitosis/meiosis

bio 340 (13 decks)

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