Cell Injury and Death Flashcards
The living cell must maintain its function in order to be able to produce __________.
ENERGY
If a stimuli (cell injury) causes a cell to exceed its adaptive capacity, what happens?
THE CELL DIES
Name the 2 types of cell injury?
SUBLETHAL or REVERSIBLE CELL DAMAGE
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IRREVERSIBLE INJURY WITH CELL DESTRUCTION/DEATH
Which type of cell injury impairs the cell function but does not cause cell death?
REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
Name the two observable patterns of reversible cell injury?
CELLULAR SWELLING
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INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION
Which type of cell injury causes cell death?
IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
Name the 2 types of irreversible cell death?
APOPTOSIS
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NECROSIS
Apoptosis is responsible for many physiological and ____________ processes.
PATHOLOGICAL
- Programmed destruction of cells during embryonic development
- Hormone dependent involution of tissues
- Death of immune cells
These are all examples of ____________ apoptosis.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
- Contributes in carcinogenesis
- Involved in cell death associated with viral infection such as Hep B and C
- Implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS
These are all examples of pathological ___________.
APOPTOSIS
Name the term for the irreversible cell death which refers to to cell death in an organ or tissue, that is still part of a living tissue?
NECROSIS
Name the 4 ways necrosis differs from apoptosis?
- UNREGULATED ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OF CELL COMPONENTS
- LOSS OF CELL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY
- INITIATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- INTERFERENCE WITH CELL REPLACEMENT AND TISSUE REGENERATION
Name the 4 ways necrosis presents itself?
- COAGULATIVE
- LIQUEFICATION
- CASEOUS (TB)
- GANGRENE
Gangrene occurs when a considerable amount of tissue undergoes necrosis, usually due to what?
DEFICIENT OR ABSENT BLOOD SUPPLY
Gangrene can be found in which 3 forms?
DRY \+ WET \+ GAS
Name the aging theory which explains aging as a consequence of natural selection?
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Name the aging theory which explains aging occurs as a result of gene expression?
MOLECULAR THEORY
Name the aging theory in which aging occurs as a result of free radical damage, or apoptosis?
CELLULAR THEORY
Name the aging theory which attributes cellular aging to a decline in the integrative functions of organ systems such as the neuroendocrine and immunological systems.
SYSTEM THEORY
Name the 4 cellular aging theories?
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY \+ MOLECULAR THEORY \+ CELLULAR THEORY \+ SYSTEM THEORY
Aging results in reduced mitochondrial ___________ utilization.
OXYGEN
Aging results in less synthesis of _____ and _____, and less capability for ____________.
RNA and DNA
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REPAIR
Age results in accumulation of age spots, otherwise known as ____________.
LIPOFUSCIN
Age results in changes to nuclear and organelle ___________.
MORPHOLOGY
