Cell Injury and Death

Question 1

The living cell must maintain its function in order to be able to produce __________.

Answer 1

ENERGY

Question 2

If a stimuli (cell injury) causes a cell to exceed its adaptive capacity, what happens?

Answer 2

THE CELL DIES

Question 3

Name the 2 types of cell injury?

Answer 3

SUBLETHAL or REVERSIBLE CELL DAMAGE
+
IRREVERSIBLE INJURY WITH CELL DESTRUCTION/DEATH

Question 4

Which type of cell injury impairs the cell function but does not cause cell death?

Answer 4

REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY

Question 5

Name the two observable patterns of reversible cell injury?

Answer 5

CELLULAR SWELLING
+
INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION

Question 6

Which type of cell injury causes cell death?

Answer 6

IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY

Question 7

Name the 2 types of irreversible cell death?

Answer 7

APOPTOSIS
+
NECROSIS

Question 8

Apoptosis is responsible for many physiological and ____________ processes.

Answer 8

PATHOLOGICAL

Question 9

1. Programmed destruction of cells during embryonic development
2. Hormone dependent involution of tissues
3. Death of immune cells
   These are all examples of ____________ apoptosis.

Answer 9

PHYSIOLOGICAL

Question 10

1. Contributes in carcinogenesis
2. Involved in cell death associated with viral infection such as Hep B and C
3. Implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS
   These are all examples of pathological ___________.

Answer 10

APOPTOSIS

Question 11

Name the term for the irreversible cell death which refers to to cell death in an organ or tissue, that is still part of a living tissue?

Answer 11

NECROSIS

Question 12

Name the 4 ways necrosis differs from apoptosis?

Answer 12

1. UNREGULATED ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OF CELL COMPONENTS
2. LOSS OF CELL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY
3. INITIATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
4. INTERFERENCE WITH CELL REPLACEMENT AND TISSUE REGENERATION

Question 13

Name the 4 ways necrosis presents itself?

Answer 13

1. COAGULATIVE
2. LIQUEFICATION
3. CASEOUS (TB)
4. GANGRENE

Question 14

Gangrene occurs when a considerable amount of tissue undergoes necrosis, usually due to what?

Answer 14

DEFICIENT OR ABSENT BLOOD SUPPLY

Question 15

Gangrene can be found in which 3 forms?

Answer 15

DRY
\+
WET
\+
GAS

Question 16

Name the aging theory which explains aging as a consequence of natural selection?

Answer 16

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Question 17

Name the aging theory which explains aging occurs as a result of gene expression?

Answer 17

MOLECULAR THEORY

Question 18

Name the aging theory in which aging occurs as a result of free radical damage, or apoptosis?

Answer 18

CELLULAR THEORY

Question 19

Name the aging theory which attributes cellular aging to a decline in the integrative functions of organ systems such as the neuroendocrine and immunological systems.

Answer 19

SYSTEM THEORY

Question 20

Name the 4 cellular aging theories?

Answer 20

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
\+
MOLECULAR THEORY
\+
CELLULAR THEORY
\+
SYSTEM THEORY

Question 21

Aging results in reduced mitochondrial ___________ utilization.

Answer 21

OXYGEN

Question 22

Aging results in less synthesis of _____ and _____, and less capability for ____________.

Answer 22

RNA and DNA
+
REPAIR

Question 23

Age results in accumulation of age spots, otherwise known as ____________.

Answer 23

LIPOFUSCIN

Question 24

Age results in changes to nuclear and organelle ___________.

Answer 24

MORPHOLOGY