Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Acute inflammation is the earliest (almost immediate) reaction of local tissue and their _______ ________ to injury.

Answer 1

BLOOD VESSEL

Question 2

How long does the relatively short acute inflammation last?

Answer 2

FEW MINUTES
to
SEVERAL DAYS

Question 3

During acute inflammation, emigration of ____________ (predominantly neutrophils) into the extravascular tissue occurs.

Answer 3

LEUKOCYTES

Question 4

List potential stimuli of acute inflammation?

Answer 4

INFECTION, IMMUNE RESPONSE, TRAUMA, CEHMICALS, NECROSIS, etc

Question 5

Acute inflammation becomes chronic when ___________ begins to occur at the same time as active inflammation.

Answer 5

HEALING

Question 6

Name the 3 stages of acute inflammation?

Answer 6

MECHANISM
\+
VASCULAR
\+
CELLULAR

Question 7

Immediate vascular changes, and an influx of inflammatory cells occurs during which stage of acute inflammation?

Answer 7

MECHANISM

Question 8

Which stage of acute inflammation is initiated by a momentary constriction of small blood vessels in the area?

Answer 8

VASCULAR STAGE

Question 9

Hemodynamic changes occur in which stage of acute inflammation?

Answer 9

VASCULAR STAGE

Question 10

Name the 3 vascular changes that may occur with inflammation?

Answer 10

IMMEDIATE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (minor injury)
+
IMMEDIATE SUSTAINED RESPONSE (several days)
+
DELAYED HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE (sunburn)

Question 11

Name the stage of acute inflammation marked by the movement of phagocytic white blood (leukocytes) cells into the area of injury?

Answer 11

CELLULAR STAGE

Question 12

Name the two types of leukocytes participating in the acute inflammatory response at the cellular stage?

Answer 12

GRANULOCYTES
+
MONOCYTES (largest white blood cells)

Question 13

List the sequence of events in cellular response to inflammation?

Answer 13

MARGINATION AND ADHESION OF LEUKOCYTES TO ENDOTHELIAL LINING
\+
TRANSMIGRATION
\+
CHEMOTAXIS
\+
ADHERENCE
\+
PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 14

Movement of the WBC out of the capillary into the interstitial space is known as what?

Answer 14

TRANSMIGRATION (EMIGRATION)

Question 15

Chemically stimulated movement of phagocytes to the site of damage is known as what?

Answer 15

CHEMOTAXIS

Question 16

The process of phagocyte to pathogen is known as what?

Answer 16

ADHERENCE

Question 17

The process of neutrophils, monocytes, and tissue macrophages activation, after which they engulf and degrade bacteria, is known as what?

Answer 17

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 18

Chemical mediators originate from _________ or from the cells.

Answer 18

PLASMA