Cell Injury And Death

Question 1

Cell Injury

Answer 1

Occurs when cells are stressed so severely such that they are no longer able to adapt or exposed to damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities

Question 2

Reversible

Answer 2

The functional and morphologic changes are revosible if damaging stimulus is removed

Question 3

Hallmarks of reversible cell Injury

Answer 3

Reduced oxidative phosphorylation
Cellular swelling
Alterations in organelles

Question 4

Reversible (morphological)

Answer 4

Cellular swelling

Fatty change

Question 5

Macroscopic features

Answer 5

Increased weight
Increased turgor
Pallor

Question 6

Microscopic

Answer 6

Small clear vacuoles

Increased eosinophilia

Question 7

Irreversible cell Injury

Answer 7

Inability to restore mitochondrial dysfunction

Profound disturbances in membrane function

Question 8

Necrosis

Answer 8

Death of tissues following bioenergetic failure and loss of plasma integrity

Question 9

Nuclear changes during necrosis

Answer 9

Kayrolysis-nuclear fading
Pyknosis-nuclear condensation/shrinkage
Kayrorrhexis-nuclear fragmentation

Question 10

Necrosis types

Answer 10

Cougalative-archtecture preserved for days

                 - anucleate eosinophilic cells
                 - Denaturing of enzymes

Liquefactive-transformation of the tissue into liquid viscous mass

Caseous-most often in TB
- Gross appearance

Fibriniod-immune reaction involving blood vessels and malignant hypertension

Fat necrosis-occur with direct trauma or with release of lipases

Gangrenous/gangrene-cougulative+bacterial infection
Often occur in the lower limbs and bowel
May be wet or dry

Question 11

Decreased apoptosis

Answer 11

Malignancy

Autoimmune diseases

Question 12

Increased apoptosis

Answer 12

Neurodegenetative disorder

Death of virus infected cells