Cell Injury Flashcards
Pathologic apoptosis.
a. apoptosis of cells that have served their purpose
b. observed in embryogenesis
c. cell death induced by cytotoxic T-cells
d. accumulation of misfolded proteins
accumulation of misfolded proteins
Adaptive change that results into synthesis of more structural proteins.
a. hyperplasia
b. hypertrophy
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
hypertrophy
Calcification seen in the site of tissue injury is most likely
a. Dystrophic
b. renal failure associated calcification
c. Metastatic
Dystrophic
Oxygen-independent bactericidal killing.
a. hydrogen peroxide
b. lactoferrin
c. hypochlorite
d. myeloperoxidase
lactoferrin
Which BEST describes the movement of leukocytes toward the site of injury?
a. involves rolling of white blood cells
b. cytokines slow down the process
c. unidirectional
d. edema fluid facilitates movement
unidirectional
Which of the following is/are metaplastic changes but not brought about by cellular adaptation?
a. Myositis Ossificans
b. Squamous metaplasia of the cervix
c. Barrett Esophagus
Myositis Ossificans
The movement of leukocytes across the vascular wall?
a. margination
b. rolling
c. chemotaxis
d. diapedesis
diapedesis
Increased in muscle mass from exercise is best explained by which of the following pathways
a. downstream signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors
b. phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
c. ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
Continuously dividing cells.
a. Stable cells
b. Permanent cells
c. Labile cells
d. Quiescent cells
Labile cells
The affected side of a stroke patient is likely to undergo which of the following adaptations?
a. metaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. hypertrophy
atrophy
When does free radicals contribute to cell injury during free radical scavenging systems?
a. lactic acid accumulation
b. glutathione toxicity
c. in oxidative stress
in oxidative stress
Why is the cellular and tissue architecture of an area of infarct preserved?
a. inflammatory cells inhibit the action of enzymes
b. proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action
c. enzymes in the blood cannot reach the tissue due to the ischemia
proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action
Tuberculous lesions are most likely to show
a. gangrene
b. abscess
c. cheese like area of necrosis
d. fibrin deposit
cheese like area of necrosis
Programmed cell death where the cell membrane is disrupted, and caspase is not activated.
a. necroptosis
b. apoptosis
c. necrosis
d. pyroptosis
necroptosis
Which of the following refer to the sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent?
a. Morphologic changes
b. Clinical Manifestation
c. Pathogenesis
d. Etiology
Pathogenesis
Which of the following statements best describes homeostasis?
a. may result to necrosis
b. it is the point of no return
c. cellular process to always maintain a steady state
d. it is irreversible
cellular process to always maintain a steady state
Vasodilation and increased blood flow result into which cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. calor
b. function laesa
c. tumor
d. tumor
calor
Which is consistent with hyperplasia?
a. initiated by reprogramming of stem cells
b. autophagic vacuoles are involved
c. mechanical stretch serves as triggers
d. there is increased growth factors for stem cells
there is increased growth factors for stem cells
Which of the following is likely to be seen in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. gangrenous necrosis
c. gangrenous necrosis
d. fibrinoid necrosis
fibrinoid necrosis
Which of the following is the main culprit when enzymes are activated in leading to digestion of cellualr structures
a. increased cytosolic calcium
b. activation of apoptosis
c. disruption of protein synthetic apparatus
increased cytosolic calcium
Reaction of vascularized living tissue to local injury
INFLAMMATION
Causes of inflammation
INJURIOUS STIMULI
Give the CARDINAL SIGNS of Inflammation
R
C
D
T
F
Rubor - vasodilation ^ blood flow (REDNESS)
Calor - vasodilation ^ blood flow (HEAT)
Dolor - cytokines (PAIN)
Tumor - local edema (SWELLING)
Functio Laesa - loss of function
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Two Main Phases in Inflammation
1. Vā Phase
2. Cā Phase
Vascular
Cellular
Which best describes pathogenesis?
A. Structural alterations in cells or tissues characteristic of a disease.
B. Genetic, biochemical, and structural changes in cells and tissues.
C. Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease
D. The sequence of events in the response of celis or tissues to the etiologic agent.
Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease
A self-regulating process by which a living cell maintain balance adjusting to changes in the external environment.
A. apoptosis
C. adaptation
B. inflammation
D. homeostasis
homeostasis (sabi sa key)
Which adaptive change is seen in cells that are incapable of proliferation?
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Classified as pathologic hyperplasia.
A. post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live
B. pubertal breast enlargement in females
C. enlarged uterus in pregnancy
D. excessive keloid formation
post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live
Consistent with atrophy.
A. occurs in cells capable of dividing
B. a consequence of decreased workload
C. change from one cell type to another
D. fertile soil of malignant transformation
fertile soil of malignant transformation
TRUE of apoptosis.
A. lysosomal enzymes digest the cell
B. leakage of cellular contents
C. cells fragment
D. always pathologic
always pathologic
Nuclear change generally seen in apoptotic cell death.
A. karyolysis
B. karyorrhexis
karyolysis
