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PATHOLOGY > Cell Injury > Flashcards

Cell Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Pathologic apoptosis.

a. apoptosis of cells that have served their purpose
b. observed in embryogenesis
c. cell death induced by cytotoxic T-cells
d. accumulation of misfolded proteins

A

accumulation of misfolded proteins

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2
Q

Adaptive change that results into synthesis of more structural proteins.
a. hyperplasia
b. hypertrophy
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia

A

hypertrophy

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3
Q

Calcification seen in the site of tissue injury is most likely
a. Dystrophic
b. renal failure associated calcification
c. Metastatic

A

Dystrophic

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4
Q

Oxygen-independent bactericidal killing.
a. hydrogen peroxide
b. lactoferrin
c. hypochlorite
d. myeloperoxidase

A

lactoferrin

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5
Q

Which BEST describes the movement of leukocytes toward the site of injury?
a. involves rolling of white blood cells
b. cytokines slow down the process
c. unidirectional
d. edema fluid facilitates movement

A

unidirectional

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6
Q

Which of the following is/are metaplastic changes but not brought about by cellular adaptation?
a. Myositis Ossificans
b. Squamous metaplasia of the cervix
c. Barrett Esophagus

A

Myositis Ossificans

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7
Q

The movement of leukocytes across the vascular wall?
a. margination
b. rolling
c. chemotaxis
d. diapedesis

A

diapedesis

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8
Q

Increased in muscle mass from exercise is best explained by which of the following pathways
a. downstream signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors
b. phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
c. ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

A

phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway

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9
Q

Continuously dividing cells.
a. Stable cells
b. Permanent cells
c. Labile cells
d. Quiescent cells

A

Labile cells

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10
Q

The affected side of a stroke patient is likely to undergo which of the following adaptations?
a. metaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. hypertrophy

A

atrophy

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11
Q

When does free radicals contribute to cell injury during free radical scavenging systems?
a. lactic acid accumulation
b. glutathione toxicity
c. in oxidative stress

A

in oxidative stress

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12
Q

Why is the cellular and tissue architecture of an area of infarct preserved?
a. inflammatory cells inhibit the action of enzymes
b. proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action
c. enzymes in the blood cannot reach the tissue due to the ischemia

A

proteolytic enzymes are denatured blocking its action

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13
Q

Tuberculous lesions are most likely to show
a. gangrene
b. abscess
c. cheese like area of necrosis
d. fibrin deposit

A

cheese like area of necrosis

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14
Q

Programmed cell death where the cell membrane is disrupted, and caspase is not activated.
a. necroptosis
b. apoptosis
c. necrosis
d. pyroptosis

A

necroptosis

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15
Q

Which of the following refer to the sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent?
a. Morphologic changes
b. Clinical Manifestation
c. Pathogenesis
d. Etiology

A

Pathogenesis

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16
Q

Which of the following statements best describes homeostasis?
a. may result to necrosis
b. it is the point of no return
c. cellular process to always maintain a steady state
d. it is irreversible

A

cellular process to always maintain a steady state

17
Q

Vasodilation and increased blood flow result into which cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. calor
b. function laesa
c. tumor
d. tumor

A

calor

18
Q

Which is consistent with hyperplasia?
a. initiated by reprogramming of stem cells
b. autophagic vacuoles are involved
c. mechanical stretch serves as triggers
d. there is increased growth factors for stem cells

A

there is increased growth factors for stem cells

19
Q

Which of the following is likely to be seen in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. gangrenous necrosis
c. gangrenous necrosis
d. fibrinoid necrosis

A

fibrinoid necrosis

20
Q

Which of the following is the main culprit when enzymes are activated in leading to digestion of cellualr structures
a. increased cytosolic calcium
b. activation of apoptosis
c. disruption of protein synthetic apparatus

A

increased cytosolic calcium

21
Q

Reaction of vascularized living tissue to local injury

A

INFLAMMATION

22
Q

Causes of inflammation

A

INJURIOUS STIMULI

23
Q

Give the CARDINAL SIGNS of Inflammation
R
C
D
T
F

A

Rubor - vasodilation ^ blood flow (REDNESS)
Calor - vasodilation ^ blood flow (HEAT)
Dolor - cytokines (PAIN)
Tumor - local edema (SWELLING)
Functio Laesa - loss of function

24
Q

THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

Two Main Phases in Inflammation
1. Vā€” Phase
2. Cā€” Phase

A

Vascular
Cellular

25
Q

Which best describes pathogenesis?
A. Structural alterations in cells or tissues characteristic of a disease.
B. Genetic, biochemical, and structural changes in cells and tissues.
C. Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease
D. The sequence of events in the response of celis or tissues to the etiologic agent.

A

Structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells that underlie disease

26
Q

A self-regulating process by which a living cell maintain balance adjusting to changes in the external environment.
A. apoptosis
C. adaptation
B. inflammation
D. homeostasis

A

homeostasis (sabi sa key)

27
Q

Which adaptive change is seen in cells that are incapable of proliferation?
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy

A

Metaplasia

28
Q

Classified as pathologic hyperplasia.
A. post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live
B. pubertal breast enlargement in females
C. enlarged uterus in pregnancy
D. excessive keloid formation

A

post-hepatectomy hyperplasia of the live

29
Q

Consistent with atrophy.
A. occurs in cells capable of dividing
B. a consequence of decreased workload
C. change from one cell type to another
D. fertile soil of malignant transformation

A

fertile soil of malignant transformation

30
Q

TRUE of apoptosis.
A. lysosomal enzymes digest the cell
B. leakage of cellular contents
C. cells fragment
D. always pathologic

A

always pathologic

31
Q

Nuclear change generally seen in apoptotic cell death.
A. karyolysis
B. karyorrhexis

A

karyolysis

PATHOLOGY (17 decks)

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