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Immuno 2 Self > Cell Immunity 2 > Flashcards

Cell Immunity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What T cells play an important role in orchestrating the adaptive immune response via secretion of a wide range of cytokines?

A

CD4

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2
Q

What provides B cell help for antibody production that is critical to prevent secondary infection with most viruses?

A

Tfh

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3
Q

what cells direct the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells?

A

DCs

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4
Q

What activates transcriptional regulator NFAT?

A

TCR stimulation and Ca influx

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5
Q

What is T-bet induced by?

A

NFAT

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6
Q

What works cooperatively to fully open up the IFN-gamma gene locus for transcription?

A

Hlx and Tbet

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7
Q

What sequesters GATA-3

A

T bet which prevents Th2 cell development

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8
Q

What does IFN-gamma do?

A

increase expression of IRF-1 and IRF-2 which repress IL-4

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9
Q

The effector activities of Th1 cells is mediated by what?

A

IFN-gamma

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10
Q

What do Th1 cells do?

A

help to activate macrophages to kill intracellular microorganism

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11
Q

Does GATA 3 bind its own promoter?

A

yes as well as for the IL-4 genes

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12
Q

What activates expression of c-MAF?

A

ICOS and ICOSL

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13
Q

What lead to the Th2 differentiation?

A

GATA 3

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14
Q

What does IL-4 do for B cells?

A

growth and differentiation, and secretion of immunoglobulins [IgE]

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15
Q

True or false– IL-4 is an important regulator of mast cell and eosinophil function?

A

True

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16
Q

What does IL-5 do?

A

IgA differentiation and synthesis

also helps regulate eosinophils

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17
Q

What does IL-10 up regulate?

A

MHC class II expression on macrophages

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18
Q

What does IL-10 inhibit?

A

Th1 response

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19
Q

What does IL-4 and IL-13 do to mucosal epithelial cells?

A

increase proliferation and turnover as well as up regulate mucin

20
Q

What does IL-4 and IL-13 do to smooth muscle?

A

Increases contractility

21
Q

What does Th2 cells do to macrophages?

A

alternative activation–exert anti-inflammatory functions and promote tissue remodeling and repair

22
Q

What does IgE bind to? What does it do?

A

Fcepsilon receptors on mast and basophils—->degranulation when cross linked with antigen

23
Q

What happens at T:B cell border of the follicle?

A

CD4 T cells interact with B cells presenting Ag.

24
Q

What do Tfh cells provide?

A

B cell help for antibody production that is critical to prevent secondary infection

25
What cells amplify immune responses mediated by neutrophils?
Th17 cells
26
What causes down regulation of Th17 response?
Uptake of dead neutrophils by macrophages inhibits IL-23 secretion
27
How are Th17 cells maintained?
IL-23 secreted by activated macrophages
28
Why is tight regulation of immune activation necessary?
prevent self response permit immune response to foreign antigens limit collateral damage
29
What is a Treg?
regulatory T cell formed naturally by thymic differentiation [nTreg] or are induced in periphery [iTreg]
30
Can Tregs inhibit early activation events- 6-10 hours?
No
31
How do Tregs inhibit proliferation of multiple cell types?
prevent IL-2 production
32
What can Tregs do to inhibit on effector functions of lymphocytes ?
inhibit cytokine production inhibit release of granules inhibit antibody production
33
What are Tregs suppressive cytokines?
IL-10, TGF-beta
34
Protective immunity versus Immunopathology Depends on balance between what>?
Tregs and Effector T cells
35
What syndrome? x-linked, mutations affecting FoxP3, Treg dysfunction, autoimmunity, early onset males, psoriasiform, eczematous dermatitis, alopecia,
Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy X-linked syndrome (Ipex) Limited success in bone marrow transplants
36
What cytokines to effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells release when encountering infected cells?
IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha
37
2 types of cell death?
necrosis or apoptosis----both cleared by phagocytosis
38
Hallmarks of apoptosis?
blebbing, chromatin condensation, dna frags.
39
What type of cell death does CD8 T cells induce?
apoptosis
40
what molecule is secreted by CD8 that creates pores in cell membranes?
perforin
41
What are serene proteases which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm?
granzymes--cleaves Caspase 3 [released on TCR ligation without recruitment of more production]
42
Do granzymes A,B,H,K have different enzymatic activity?
Yes each one is different
43
What protects the CD8 T cell from perforin?
Cathepsin B
44
What alternative killing pathway is shared by Th1 and CD8 T cells?
Fas/FasL --->caspace cascade and cell death.
45
What inhibits viral replication, increases MHCI expression, activates macrophages?
IFN-gamma
46
what cytokine is directly involved in target cell killing and activating macrophages?
TNF-alpha
47
What does the dectin receptor recognize?
Fungi

Immuno 2 Self (9 decks)

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