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Immuno 2 Self > Anatomy of Adaptive Immuno > Flashcards

Anatomy of Adaptive Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of adaptive immunity?

A

To generate highly specific T cell and b cell responses against microbes that defeat the innate system

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2
Q

What composes the adaptive immune system?

A

lymphocyte subset, primary lymphoid organs, secondary lymphoid organs and lymphatic duct system

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3
Q

What are T lymphcytes and B lymphocytes derived from?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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4
Q

Where do hematopoietic stem cells reside?

A

Bone marrow, quiescent state and cycle infrequently to maintain resevoir

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5
Q

What all do hematopoietic stem cells give rise to?

A 
lymphocytes
erythrocytes and megakaryocytic
granulocytes
monocyte/macrophage
dendritic cells
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6
Q

What is derived from the myeloid progenitor cell?

A

All the innate cells

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7
Q

What type of cell is between myeloid progenitor cells and neutrophils/monocytes/mactophages?

A

granulocyte-monocyte progenitor

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8
Q

Is natural killer innate or adaptive?

A

innate but derived from the lymphoid progenitor

dendritic cells can also be derived from the lymphoid progenitor

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9
Q

What type of cell? simple, uncomplicated nucleus, small cytoplasm, modest membrane ruffling?

A

lymphocytes- slightly larger than erythrocytes

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10
Q

by morphology can you distinguish B vs. T resting?

A

no. distinguished by differential expression of surface proteins

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11
Q

How are t cell vs b cell differentiated? methods?

A

diff proteins on cell surface—stained with monoclonal antibodies—conjugated with fluorochromes—flow cytometetry (detect and count stained subsets)

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12
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

thymus and bone marrow

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13
Q

All immune cells mature in bone marrow except?

A

T cells- reflection of the manner in which their receptors recognize antigen and the need for self reactive T-cells to be purged

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14
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

-encapsulated organs that serve as repositories
-antigens are concentrated and response initiated
lymph nodes
spleen
mucosa associated lymphoid tissues
(peripheral lympoid system do include the ducts but are not considered organs)

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15
Q

T-F…Many antigens never encounter an antigen and are not activated?

A

True

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16
Q

Is the thymus more prominent in adults or children?

A

children—-atrophies and in adulthood is filled with adipose with ongoing T-cell production at low levels (Tcell compartments are full an only need minor replenishment)

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17
Q

There is a rare primary genetic disease where thymus is incomplete or absent?

A

Di Georges

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18
Q

What is central tolerance?

A

avoidance of autoimmunity

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19
Q

At what stage does the direction to become CD4+ or CD8+ take place?

A

double positive stage

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20
Q

Pre-T-Cells have what definitive surface proteins?

A 
Trick question
CD4 -
CD8 -
TCR -
They do not become positive until double positive stage
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21
Q

What is it called when the stain used on paraffin encoded slices is antibodies?

A

immunohistochemistry

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22
Q

H&E is what….common?

A

–hematoxylin (blue) + charge stains -cortex dense nuclei
–and eosin (pink) medulla (CT) - charge stains +
most common

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23
Q

Where are most primitive T-cells found in the thymus?

A

upper cortex—as they mature they course to the medulla

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24
Q

What do TCRs do in the thymus?

A

detect self antigens—if they bind to something with moderate to high affinity (MHC/Protein complex) then they are self deleted (MOST ARE DELETED) progressive loss as they transverse the thymus

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25
Q

what bones have bone marrow with active hematopoietic islands organized around vascular sinuses?

A

long bones, pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and skull

26
Q

What cells lie closest to sinuses in bone marrow? more distal one?

A

megakaryocytes and erythrocytes

myeloid and lymphocytes more distal

27
Q

What B cell receptor demarcates the stage where purging occurs and is used in the purging self recognizing pathway?

A

surface IgM

28
Q

Disease from mutation in key molecules for B cell maturation–key tyrosine kinase is mutated and leads to premature termination of maturation?

A

brutons agammaglobulinemia

29
Q

What organs have little or no lymph?

A

brain, eye, testes, fetus (immune privileged)

30
Q

openings of small lymph vessels allow things in but do they allow anything back out?

A

no

31
Q

What are the 2 key functions of lymphatic duct system?

A

return fluids forced out of capillaries back to blood

pass fluids through lymph nodes for sampling

32
Q

what is often seen in cancer patients that have had a region lymph node removed?

A

lymphedema

other causes include trauma, infection, malignancy, radiation, parasitic worm elephantiasis

33
Q

where is afferent fluid emptied into?

A

sub capsular space then percolate through cortical regions

34
Q

What is the order of lymph flow?

A

subcaplar space—cortex (Tcells and Bcells here)—medulla–medullary cords–medullary sinus—efferent vessel

35
Q

What cell type resides in oval shaped follicles

A

b cells

36
Q

what cells reside in practical areas around and underneath follicles?

A

t-cells

37
Q

what is an area of intense b cell activation?

A

germinal center

38
Q

2 key function of spleen?

A

filter the blood and concentrate foreign material for immune system and monitor blood to remove damaged senescent cells

39
Q

What type of pulp has cords or strands, lined with macrophages and collect into venues?

A

Red pulp= filtering

40
Q

What type of pulp has t cells, b cells and marginal zone (between the two)?

A

White pulp= immunity Pals

41
Q

Are there afferent lymphatics to the spleen?

A

No

42
Q

where are MALT found?

A

airway, gut, genitourinary and mammary tissue

43
Q

Where is waldeyer’s ring?

A

upper airway-adenoids and tonsils

44
Q

Where is iBALT?

A

lower airway, inducible bronchiole associated tissue

45
Q

Where are peer’s patches?

A

small intestine

46
Q

MALTS sample antigens through what type of cell other than afferents?

A

M cells—they do not have efferents either?

47
Q

What layer are peters patches found?

A

submucosa

48
Q

What is a key target for many vaccines?

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

–antibodies for polio is in GI tract

49
Q

Are T cells and B cells segregated in spleen white pulp?

A

yes—rather strictly t cell central b cell peripheral

50
Q

What drives organization of secondary lymphoids?

A

chemokines

51
Q

chemokine and receptor for b cells?

A

CXCL13 (follicular dendritic cells release) and CXCR5

52
Q

chemokine and receptor for t cells?

A

CXCL19 and CCL21 (reticular cells release), and CCR&

53
Q

chemokine receptors are part of what family?

A

g protein coupled

54
Q

are dendritic follicle cells related to dendritic cells?

A

no

55
Q

how do blood borne lymphocytes exit into secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

high endothelial venues, receptor mediated…triggers transmigration

56
Q

4 key steps in transmigration process?

A

rolling, activation, firm adhesion, and transmigration

—must need selections, integrins, chemokine receptors

57
Q

key selection?

A

cd62L (L-selectin) and peripheral node address (PNad)

58
Q

What does aLbeta2 or LFA-1 bind?

A

ICAM-1

59
Q

What does a4beta1 or VLA-4 bind

A

VCAM-1

60
Q

What does a4beta7 or LPAM bind?

A

MadCAM-1

Immuno 2 Self (9 decks)

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