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Immuno 2 Self > 16 Mucosal Immunity > Flashcards

16 Mucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Is mucosal immunity a sterile environment?

A

No dirty environment. Systemic immunity is sterile

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2
Q

Systems of mucosal immunity?

A

gut, airway, urogenital tract

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3
Q

Where are 75% of the immune systems cells located?

A

mucosal immunity

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4
Q

do microbes outnumber host cells?

A

10:1 yes

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5
Q

T or F —activated/memory T cells predominate in the absence of infection in mucosal immunity?

A

True

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6
Q

Are immune responses down regulated in mucosal immunity?

A

yes—there are also inhibitory macrophages and tolerance-inducing DCs

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7
Q

Why is mucous secreted by gut and respiratory cells?

A

keep bacteria moving to prevent adherence

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8
Q

what are antimicrobial peptides that insert into and lyse microbial membranes?

A

defensins

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9
Q

What are alpha defensin made by?

A

PMN/NK

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10
Q

Where are alpha defensins found in?

A

Paneth cells of gut and female urogenital tract

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11
Q

What are beta-defensins expressed by? where are they located?

A

epithelial cells and are found in airway, gut, mammary glands, and pancreas

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12
Q

What do histatins do?

A

fight infections in the oral cavity

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13
Q

are cathelicidins active with gram + and - bacteria?

A

yes

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14
Q

What cells pass microbes over to APCs in the follicles?

A

Mcells

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15
Q

T or F –M cells lack glycocalyx on cell surface

A

true- allow them to endocytose Ag

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16
Q

On what surface of the intestine are M cells associated with lymphocytes?

A

basolateral

17
Q

t or F–basolateral side of m cells are pocketed?

A

true—lymphocytes and DCs snuggle

18
Q

What cells proliferate from M cell activation?

A

particularly B cells so they can exert effector functions downstream

19
Q

Are overactive immune responses in the gut desirable?

A

No–too much Ag…it would devastate the tissue

20
Q

What suppressive functions are there in the gut immune regulation?

A

Tregs

Cytokines IL 10

21
Q

What are CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes interspersed between epithelial cells?

A

IELs composed of both CD8 alphabeta and gamma/delta. Regulatory and cytolytic functions.

22
Q

What is binds to thymus leukemia antigen expressed by mucosal cells and preventing proliferation of IEL?

A

CD8aa homodimers

23
Q

Can IEL possess FasL, perforin and cytolytic granules?

A

Yes–activated or memory phenotype for quick response

24
Q

What acts as a sink for IL-2 and secretes suppressive cytokines like IL-10?

A

Tregs

25
Q

Trafficking of lymphocytes that were induced in the MALT don’t use CD62L (L selection). Wht do they use?

A

a4B7 integrin to bind to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule [MadCAM-1]

26
Q

Where is 90% of IgA in the body secreted?

A

b cells in the mucosal sites–IgA is made 2:1 over IdG in the body although IgG is more dominant in the serum

27
Q

Path of Mucosal B cell response?

A

prime in MALT by T cells—->proliferate—->home to distal mucosa of effector sites—->receive more signals to differentiate into plasma cells—->secret IgA

28
Q

What crosses epithelial barriers in dimeric fashion via pIgR?

A

IgA

29
Q

What neutralizes and binds up bacteria and other microbes so they can’t enter the body and harm the host?

A

IgA

30
Q

What are the properties of IgA?

A

inhibit bacterial adhesion
inhibits macromolecule absorption
inhibit inflammatory effect of other isotypes
neutralize virus, bacteria, toxins

31
Q

what allows IgA to bind mucus keeping it in the gut?

A

PIgR

32
Q

T or F- PigR can also bind to certain bacterial proteins such as E coli?

A

True

33
Q

what allows for formation of IgA dimer?

A

J chain

34
Q

Where do CD4 T cells traffic to in the gut?

A

mesenteric Lymph nodes

35
Q

T or F–In mesenteric lymph nodes, CD4 T cells can induce class switching of B cells from IgM to IgA?

A

True

36
Q

What provide passive immunity to neonates?

A

IgA

37
Q

Gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, and celiac disease is a result of what?

A

uncontrolled T cell activation—->inflammation and loss of villi in mucosa brought on by loss of tolerance to food antigens

38
Q

Inappropriate inflammatory reactions to commensal microbials in the gut are associated with what 2 diseases?

A

Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

39
Q

Which cells activate the IEL cells in the gut? How do they activate(receptors)?

A

Intestinal cells are the activators through on classical MHC.
TCR binds to CD1D
CD8 binds to gp180

Immuno 2 Self (9 decks)

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