Cell Function And Homeostasis

Question 1

Define transport across the cellular membrane

Answer 1

Osmosis - movement of water down the conc. gradient
Diffusion -movement of molecules from high con. To area of low conc.
Active transport - transport of substances up the conc. gradient

Question 2

Examples of different cells types

Answer 2

Stem cells
RBC
WBC
Platelets
Nerve cells
Neuroglial cells
Muscle cells
Cartilage cells

Question 3

Examples of cell actions

Answer 3

Reproduce
Nourishment
Movement
Excretion
Growth
Respiration

Question 4

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 4

Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous

Question 5

Function of the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 5

Skeletal - attached to bone for motion/posture
Smooth - form walls of tubes e.g airways, blood vessels, gut, bladder
Cardiac - involuntary control causing the heart to pump

Question 6

Function of connective tissue

Answer 6

For binding, supporting, protecting (cartilage, blood, adipose, bone)

Question 7

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

Cells forming continuous sheets often lining body cavities (skin, gut lining, glands)

Question 8

Function of nervous tissue

Answer 8

Neurone conduct electrical impulses throughout the body to control body function/movement/secretion/senses

Question 9

What is apoptosis?

Answer 9

Cell death

Question 10

What is necrosis?

Answer 10

Cell damage/disease

Question 11

What is homeostasis?

Answer 11

Where the internal environment are maintained within physiological limits

Question 12

What must be kept constant to protect the cell?

Answer 12

Chemical constitution - glucose, ions, pH
Osmotic pressie - water and soluble conc.
Temperature
O2/CO2 levels

Question 13

How does homeostasis work?

Answer 13

Receptors - capable of detecting changes to the body
Control system - initiates corrective measures
Effectors - carries out corrective measures

Question 14

What is negative and positive feedback?

Answer 14

Neg - reverses original stimulus - restore to normal levels
Pos - enhances original stimulus - reinforces original stimulus

Question 15

What do kidney tubule cells do?

Answer 15

Control water and salt excretion

Question 16

What do cardiac cells do?

Answer 16

Contract and control heart pumping, can stretch and elasticise

Question 17

What does cartilage do?

Answer 17

Provide structural support e.g gives trachea rigidity

Question 18

What do neurones do?

Answer 18

Conduct electrical impulses (messages)

Question 19

What do sperm do?

Answer 19

Convey genetic material for reproduction

Question 20

How does aging affect mitosis?

Answer 20

Slows down so cells die and re not replaced. Reduced immune cells so increased risk of infection

Question 21

What does hypo and hyper mean?

Answer 21

Hypo = low
Hyper = high

Question 22

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 22

Contains genetic material

Question 23

What is the function of the membrane?

Answer 23

Controls passage of substances in and out of the cells

Question 24

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 24

Synthesised protein from amino acids

Question 25

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 25

Aerobic respiration

Question 26

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

Smooth: synthesis lipids and steroid hormones
Rough: studded with ribosomes synthesis protein and leave by exocytosis

Question 27

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 27

Synthesised proteins are stored here

Question 28

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 28

Small membranous vesicles containing enzyme