Cell Divison Flashcards
Cell Division
essential process where new cells are reproduced from old ones, chromosome is needed
2 CD Processes of Eukaryotes
karyokinesis (nuclear division) or genetic material distribution and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) separation of cell
Cell Cycle
sequence of stages, 3 continuous stages (interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis)
Interphase
period before mitosis or preparatory phase, longest 90%
G1 Phase
synthesized DNA, RNA, and protein (duplicated chromosomes)
S Phase
synthesis, duplicated DNA, 2 chromatid
G2 Phase
duplicated centrosome, cell increases size, prevents errors
Mitosis
2 identical cell results, formula N(2), main target is repair, regeneration, and growth
Mitotic Cell
has an ability to multiply, ex. blood cell
Amitotic Cell
cannot be replenished, ex. nerve cell
Prophase
chromosome gets bigger and scatters
Metaphase
chromosome line up
Anaphase
2 chromatids
Telophase
2 genetically identical cell
Cleavage Furrow
for animals
Cell Plate
for plants
Cytokinesis
splitting of cell or cytoplasm
Meiosis
result is 4 haploids, formula N(4)
Prophase 1
longest 90%, 5 substages
Bivalent (Tetrad)
from synapsis or pairing up of homologous chromosomes
Crossing Over
exchange of genetic materials at chiasmata
Leptolene
visible chromosome
Zygotene
start to pair up homologous chromosome
Pachytene
synapsis and crossing over takes place
Diplotene
4 chromatids of tetrad repel each other
Diakinesis
condense further homologous chromosomes
Metaphase I
bivalent align
Anaphase I
separate bivalent
Telophase I
duplicated chromosome, complete haploid set
Interkinesis or Interphase II
only in animal cells, no DNA replication
Prophase II
centrosome move toward poles
Metaphase II
align chromosome
Anaphase II
centrosome separate
Telophase II
chromosome condense
Cytokinesis
separate cell and produce 4 haploid cells
