Cell Division quick qs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stem cell

A

undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into one or more specialised cells

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2
Q

What are adult stem cells

A

stem cells from adults that can only differentiate into certain specialised cells

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3
Q

where can adult stem cells be found

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

what are embryonic stem cells

A

stem cells from embryos that can be differentiated into any specialised cell

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5
Q

where are embryonic stem cells found

A

early human embryos (usually from spare embryos from fertility clinics)

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6
Q

what is therapeutic cloning

A

-patient’s cells are used to create an early embryo clone of themselves
-stem cells from the embryo can then be used to treat the patients medical conditions

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7
Q

give one advantage of using therapeutic cloning

A

stem cells from the embryo are not rejected when transplanted because they have the same genes as the patient

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8
Q

give one advantage of using adult stem cells

A

fewer ethical issues as obtained from adults who can consent to their use

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9
Q

give 2 disadvantages of using adult stem cells

A

can take a long time for a suitable donor to be found
-can only differentiate into some specialised cell types so treat fewer diseases

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10
Q

give 2 advantages of using embryonic stem cells

A

-can differentiate into any specialised cell, so can be used to treat many diseases
-easier to obtain as they are found in spare embryos from fertility clinics

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11
Q

give 2 disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells

A

ethical issues surrounding their use, as every embryo is. a potential life

potential risks involved with treatments such as transfer of viral infections

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12
Q

what are plant meristems

A

area where rapid cell division occurs in the tips of roots and shoots

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13
Q

give two advantages of using plant meristem to clone plants

A

-rare plant species can be cloned to protect them from extinction
-plants with special features ( disease resistance) can be cloned to produce more copies

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14
Q

what is cell division by mitosis

A

body cells divide to form two identical daughter cells

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15
Q

what is the purpose of mitosis

A

growth and repair of cells, asexual reproduction

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16
Q

what happens during the first stage of the cell cycle

A

-cell grows bigger
-chromosomes duplicate
-number of subcellular structures increased (ribosomes and mitochondria)

17
Q

what happens during mitosis

A

one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides

18
Q

what happens during the third stage of the cell cycle

A

the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide, forming two identical daughter cells

19
Q

what is the term for cell division in bacteria

A

binary fission