Cell Biology and transport quick questions

Question 1

What are two types of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

animal & plant

Question 2

What type of cell are bacteria

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 4

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 5

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

Question 6

What is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 6

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 7

Enables production of proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 8

strengthens and supports the cell

Question 9

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

single loop of DNA

Question 10

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes

Answer 10

-use beams of electrons instead of light
-can only view dead things
-higher resolution
-higher magnification
-more expensive

Question 11

What is the function of a red blood cell

Answer 11

transporting oxygen around the body

Question 12

Give 3 adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 12

-biconcave shape
-no nucleus
-contains haemoglobin

Question 13

What is the function of a nerve cell

Answer 13

carries electrical impulses around the body

Question 14

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 14

-branched endings
-myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 15

What is the function of a sperm cell

Answer 15

fertilises an ovum (egg)

Question 16

GIve 2 adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 16

-flagellum (tail)
-contains lots of mitochondria

Question 17

What is the function of a palisade cell

Answer 17

carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

Question 18

Give 2 adaptations of a palisade cell

Answer 18

-lots of chloroplasts
-located at the top surface of the leaf

Question 19

What is the function of a roothair cell

Answer 19

absorb minerals and water from the soil

Question 20

Give 2 adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 20

long projection, lots of mitochondria

Question 21

What is diffusion

Answer 21

-net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient
-this is a passive process and does NOT require energy from respiration

Question 22

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 22

-temperature
-concentration gradient
-membrane surface area

Question 23

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances

Answer 23

-long and thin- increase surface area
–one cell thick- short diffusion pathway
-good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 24

how are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange

Answer 24

> alveoli- large surface area
moist membranes- increase rate of diffusion
one cell thick membrane- short diffusion pathway
good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 25

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange

Answer 25

>large surface area for gases to diffuse across >thin layer of cells- short diffusion pathway >good bloody supply- maintains steep concentration gradient

Question 26

What is osmosis

Answer 26

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 27

Give one examples of osmosis in a plant

Answer 27

water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

Question 28

WHat is active transport

Answer 28

movement of particles against a concentration gradient- to form a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution- using energy from respiration

Question 29

WHy is active transport needed in plant roots

Answer 29

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells -the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root hair cells

Question 30

WHatis the purpose of active transport in the small intestine

Answer 30

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in the blood

Question 31

An organism such as a bacterium with no nucleus

Answer 31

prokaryote

Question 32

organelles which carry out respiration and produce energy in the form of ATP

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

a