B1 Cell Transport and Structure Flashcards
How to calculate magnification
Size of image/ size of real object
What are all living things made of
cells
What types of cell are there
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What makes prokaryotes simpler
THey are single cell organisms while eukaryotic cells are complex and include all plant and animal cells
WHat is the nucleus
contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell
it contains the genes of the chromosomes that carry the instructions for making the proteins needed to build new cells or new organisms.
HOw do you convert mm to μm
x1000
Name a cub-cellular structure that is found in most plant cells that is missing from an onion cell
chloroplast
What is cytoplasm
A gel-like substance in which organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
What is the cell membrane
holds the cell together and controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions in and out of the cell.
What are the mitochondria
these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration happen. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
WHat are ribosomes
WHere protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed in a cell
Where are ribosomes attached
endoplasmic reticulum
What additional structures do plant cells have
-rigid cell wall
-permanent vacuole
-chloroplasts
What is the rigid cell wall
made of cellulose, supports the plant cell and strengthens it
What is the permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. THis is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant nucleus
What are chloroplasts
THese are found in all the green parts of a plant, they are green because they contain the green substance chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll absorbs the light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis
Why don’t root hair cells have chloroplasts
THey are underground and do not photosynthesise
WHat eukaryotic components do bacteria not have
-chloroplasts
-mitochondria
What do bacteria cells have instead of a ‘true’ nucleus
a singular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
How are eukaryotes and prokaryotes different from each other
> prokaryotic cells are smaller
prokaryotic cells don’t have mitochondria but eukaryotes do
prokaryotes don’t have a true nucleus
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA
What does the flagella enable
movement
What does the plasmid carry
antibiotic resistant genes and spreads them
What are algae
simple aquatic organisms that also make their own food by photosynthesis
Give 2 advantages of using an electron microscope over a light microscope
-higher resolution
-higher magnification