Cell Division and Stem Cells

Question 1

What is the definition for “Cancer”?

Answer 1

A result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.

Question 2

What is the definition for “Chromosome”?

Answer 2

A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are found in pairs in body cells.

Question 3

What is the definition for “Embryonic Stem Cell”?

Answer 3

A type of stem cell found in very early embryos that can differentiate into any cell type.

Question 4

What is the definition for “Gamete”?

Answer 4

Sex cells with half the usual number of chromosomes. They are involved in sexual reproduction.

Question 5

What is the definition for “Stem Cell”?

Answer 5

Cells that are unspecialised and capable of differentiating into a range of different cell types.

Question 6

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 6

In the nucleus of cells.

Question 7

What are chromosomes made up of?

Answer 7

They are made up of a molecule of DNA.

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

A section of a chromosome that holds the instructions to build a protein

Question 9

Males have…

Answer 9

X and Y chromosomes

Question 10

Females have…

Answer 10

2 X chromosomes

Question 11

Mitosis divides into…

Answer 11

2 genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes

Question 12

Meiosis divides into…

Answer 12

4 genetically different cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Question 13

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 13

In all cells except reproductive ones.

Question 14

What is mitosis carried out for?

Answer 14

The growth, repair and replacement of damaged cells.

Question 15

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 15

2 daughter cells.

Question 16

How many chromosomes do the daughter cells in mitosis have?

Answer 16

46

Question 17

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 17

In both plants and animals.

Question 18

Where does meiosis occur?

Answer 18

Only in reproductive cells

Question 19

What is meiosis important for?

Answer 19

The formation of gametes during sexual reproduction

Question 20

What does meiosis produce?

Answer 20

4 daughter cells

Question 21

How many chromosomes do the daughter cells in meiosis have?

Answer 21

23

Question 22

Are the daughter cells in meiosis similar to the mother cell?

Answer 22

No, they are genetically different

Question 23

Where does meiosis occur?

Answer 23

In both plants and animals

Question 24

Where can human stem cells be found?

Answer 24

In embryos or in adult tissues such as bone marrow.

Question 25

What pros are there for adult stem cells?

Answer 25

The patient’s own cells can be used so there’s a low chance of rejection.

Question 26

What cons are there for adult stem cells?

Answer 26

They can only develop into some types of cells.

Question 27

What pros are there for embryonic stem cells?

Answer 27

These cells have the ability to develop into all types of cells.

Question 28

What cons are there for embryonic stem cells?

Answer 28

The embryo is destroyed when stem cells are taken
Ethically wrong - It is a destruction of a potential life