Cell Division Flashcards
What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase, and Mitosis/Cytokenisis
What does interphase and mitosis/cytokenisis include?
G1 phase, Sphase, G2 phase, and in mitosis prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and then cytokenisis.
How are new cells produced?
By the division of existing cells
What is the longest phase of the cell cylce?
Interphase
What happens during interphase?
The cell is very active. It carries out many biochemical/metabolic reactions including protein synthesis, DNA replication, and an increase in the number of mito. and choloro. The cell grows in size.
During interphase of plants and animals, is there an increase of mitochondria and or chlorplasts?
YES, repsectively
What happens in G1 phase?
Growth, DNA transcription, protein synthesis/creation, organelles mature. Also, chromatiN form!
What happens in S phase?
In Synthesis, all DNA in the nucleus is replicated.
What happens in the G2 phase?
The cell prepares for division.
What is mitosis?
The process by which the nucleus divides to form two genetically identical nuclei.
What is cytokenisis?
The process of dividing the cytoplasm to form two cells.
When do the two new cells begin interphase?
When mitosis and cytokenisis have been completed.
What does a cell look like during interphase?
Unbound DNA (chromatiN) in nucleus. Can sometimes see nucleolus (dark spots), as well as the nuclear envelope (a circle).
What does a cell look like during early prophase?
Spindle microtubules growing, and within the nucleus the chromosomes are becoming shorter and fater by supercoiling.
What does a cell look like during late prophase?
Chromosomes are formed, spindle fibers are expanded, the nuclear envelope begins to dissapear.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes formed with two identical chromatiDs (formed by DNA replication in interphase). Spindle microtubules extend from each pole to the equator.
What happens during metaphase?
The nuclear membrane is broken down, chromosomes move to the equator via spindle fibers attached to the centromere. (2 spindle microtubules to each centromere from opposite sides).
What does a cell look like during metaphase?
Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers are reaching them.
What happens during anaphase?
ChromatiD split, where the centromeres have divided and the chromatids have become chromosomes. Also the spindle fibers bell the genetically identical chromosomes to opposite poles.
What does a cell look like during anaphase?
There’s a space between the chromatids as the spindle fibers are pulling them appart.
What happens during early telophase?
All chromosomes have reached the poles and nuclear envelopes form around them. The spindle fibers break down.
What does a cell look like during early telophase?
The cell is pulling apart and the chromosomes have reached the poles with a nuclear envelope beginning to form aroudn them.
What happens during late telophase?
The chromosomes uncoil (become chromatin) and the cell divides (cytokenisis) to form two cells with genetically identical nuclei.
What does a cell look like during late telophase?
A cell wall has formed and the chromosomes uncoil.
