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Biology > Cell division 2 > Flashcards

Cell division 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What terms go with asexual reproduction

A

One parent, all offspring are identical, each parent passes all of its DNA to the offspring

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2
Q

What terms go with sexual reproduction

A

2 parents, Each parent passes half of its DNA to the offspring

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3
Q

What are gametes

A

Sex cells (sperm and egg cells)

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4
Q

What is fertilization

A

The union of sperm+egg

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5
Q

What is a zygote

A

The product of fertilization (the first cell of the new offspring)

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6
Q

What are homologous chromosomes

A

The chromosomes in a organism that is a result of sexual reproduction, this organism will have 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

What is a diploid

A

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

What will happen if a parent cell is a diploid

A

The 2 daughter cells will be identical

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9
Q

What is a haploid

A

A cell that only has one set of chromosomes

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10
Q

Why must the egg and sperm cells have half the number of chromosomes

A

So that when fertilization occurs the zygote will have the proper diploid number

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11
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis

A

To reduce the chromosome number in the gametes in half

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12
Q

How many divisions happen in meiosis

A

2

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13
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

46

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14
Q

How many chromosomes are there at the end of a cycle

A

4 cells with 23 chromosomes each

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15
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis is the certain of body cells and meiosis is the creation of sex cells

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16
Q

What happens in prophase 1

A

The chromosomes pair with their homologous chromosome to form a tetrad (4), crossing over occurs and they recombine their DNA

17
Q

What happens in metaphase 1

A

The tetrads attach to spindle fibers and line up in the middle of the cell

18
Q

What happens in anaphase 1

A

The tetrads separate the homologous chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell

19
Q

What happens in telophase

A

Nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes

20
Q

How many cells were made in meiosis 1

A

2

21
Q

What happens in prophase ll

A

Sister chromatids are still attached at the centromere and spindle fibers begin to form

22
Q

What happens in metaphase ll

A

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, the centrioles are at the poles

23
Q

What happens in anaphase ll

A

The centrioles split and sister chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

24
Q

What happens in telophase ll

A

Nuclear membranes form, cytokinesis happens at the same time

25
Q

How many cells were made in meiosis ll

A

4

Biology (9 decks)

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