Cell division 1 Flashcards
Why do cells divide
Growth, repair, and reproduction
Where does an animal cell divide
A cleavage furrow
Where do plant cells divide
A cell plate
What are the parts of interphase
G1, S, and G2
How do prokaryotes reproduce
Binary fission; the cell simply splits in 2
What is the order of the phases of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What form is DNA in when its in the nucleus
Chromatin
What happens to chromatin when it condenses before cell division
It turns into chromosomes
How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell
46
What are the parts of a chromosome
The short arm, the long arm, the centromere, and the chromatid
What are the 2 main parts of the cell cycle
Interphase and mitosis
What is G1
The cell grows and carries out normal functions
What is S phase
Synthesis/reproduction of the cell
What is G2
The cell grows, carries out normal functions, and prepares to divide
What is mitosis
Division of the nucleus and chromosomes
What is the prophase
Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down and nucleolus disappears, spindle fibers form
What is metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, sister chromatids attach to a spindle fiber at the centromere
What is anaphase
Centromeres split, sister chromatids separate, cell stretches out, chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell
What is telophase
Chromosomes begin to uncoil, new nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome region (the last phase of mitosis)
What is cytokinesis
In animal cells the cell pinches together and splits at a cleavage furrow, in plant cells a cell plate will form to divide the 2 daughter cells
