Cell Differentiation And Speicialisation Flashcards
What is cell differentiation?
Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function.
What is cell specialization?
Cell specialization occurs when a cell develops specific structures or characteristics to carry out a particular role, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or red blood cells.
Why is cell differentiation important?
Cell differentiation allows for the formation of different cell types that make up tissues and organs, enabling an organism to function effectively.
How do stem cells relate to differentiation?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into various specialized cell types.
How is a red blood cell specialized?
Red blood cells are specialized to carry oxygen. They have a large surface area due to their biconcave shape, and they contain hemoglobin to bind oxygen. They do not have a nucleus, allowing more space for oxygen.
How is a muscle cell specialized?
Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. They contain many mitochondria for energy, long fibers that contract, and proteins like actin and myosin that help in movement.
What is the role of nerve cells (neurons) in specialization?
Nerve cells are specialized for transmitting electrical signals. They have long axons to carry signals over long distances and dendrites to receive signals from other cells.
What is the role of xylem and phloem in plant specialization?
Xylem cells specialize in transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves, while phloem cells are specialized for transporting food (mainly sugars) throughout the plant.
How is a sperm cell specialized?
Sperm cells are specialized for reproduction. They have a tail (flagellum) for swimming, a streamlined shape for fast movement, and an acrosome containing enzymes to break down the egg cell’s outer layer during fertilization.
