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HAPP111 > Cell - Definition, Functions, and Structures > Flashcards

Cell - Definition, Functions, and Structures Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the cell

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use – use of ATP
  2. Synthesis of Proteins
  3. Communication
  4. Reproduction and inheritance
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2
Q

types of cells

A

somatic cells - body cells
germ cells - sex cells

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3
Q

3 major parts of the cell

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

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4
Q

controls the flow of substances into in and out of the cell (selective permeability)

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

gel-like substance fills the cell

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Cell’s control center; contains DNA and nucleoli; site for RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

A

nucleus

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7
Q

part of the nucleus that regulates the movement of the substances

A

nuclear envelope

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8
Q

part of the nucleus that is made of DNA, RNA & proteins

A

nucleolus

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9
Q

fluid inside the cell and contains substances such as enzymes, glycogen, potassium ions

A

intracellular fluid

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10
Q

fluid outside the cell

A

extracellular fluid

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11
Q

type of extracellular fluid between cell within tissue

A

interstitial fluid

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12
Q

type of extracellular fluid within blood vessel

A

plasma

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13
Q

type of extracellular fluid within lymphatic vessel

A

lymph

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14
Q

type of extracellular fluid that surrounds brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

No cellular energy required during transport

A

passive cell transport

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16
Q

passive transport: molecules move to equalize concentration; solutes move from an area of high to low concentration

A

diffusion

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17
Q

fluids move from lower solute concentration; movement of water into semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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18
Q

water out of the cell has low concentration

A

hypotonic solution

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19
Q

water in and out of the cell has equal concentration

A

isotonic solution

20
Q

water out of the cell has greater concentration

A

hypertonic solution

21
Q

protein binds with molecule; shape of protein changes; moves across membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

22
Q

cell transport where certain amount of cellular energy is needed

A

active cell transport

23
Q

active transport: molecular movement; requires energy against gradient

A

endocytosis and exocytosis

24
Q

release material thru vesicular transport mechanism

A

exocytosis

25
Q

taking in material

A

endocytosis

26
Q

cells “eat” large particles

A

phagocytosis

27
Q

cells “drink” = forming small vesicles

A

pinocytosis

28
Q

first step of cell cycle: somatic cells undergo then mitosis

A

interphase

29
Q

interphase

A

G1 – growth phase pt. 1; proteins are synthesized
S – DNA is replicated
G2 – growth phase pt. 2; proteins are made

30
Q

phase of mitosis where each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at centromere

A

prophase

31
Q

chromosomes align at center of cell

A

metaphase

32
Q

chromosomes separate at centromere and migrate to opposite poles

A

anaphase

33
Q

two nuclei assume normal structure, cell division is done, producing 2 new daughter cells

A

telophase

34
Q

mitosis produces…

A

23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid cell)

35
Q

meiosis produces…

A

22 pairs of chromosomes (1 cell is a sex cell)

36
Q

cell organelle: serves as site of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

37
Q

cell organelle: Synthesizes proteins and transports them to Golgi apparatus

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

cell organelle: Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

A

golgi apparatus

40
Q

cell organelle: Contains digestive enzymes

A

lysosome

41
Q

cell organelle: Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation; breaks down hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisome

42
Q

cell organelle: major sites of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available

A

mitochondria

43
Q

cell organelle: Serve as centers for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella

A

centrioles

44
Q

cell organelle: Move materials over the surface of cells

A

cilia

45
Q

cell organelle: Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors

A

microvilli

HAPP111 (8 decks)

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