Cell - Definition, Functions, and Structures

Question 1

functions of the cell

Answer 1

1. Cell metabolism and energy use – use of ATP
2. Synthesis of Proteins
3. Communication
4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 2

types of cells

Answer 2

somatic cells - body cells
germ cells - sex cells

Question 3

3 major parts of the cell

Answer 3

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 4

controls the flow of substances into in and out of the cell (selective permeability)

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

gel-like substance fills the cell

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Cell’s control center; contains DNA and nucleoli; site for RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

part of the nucleus that regulates the movement of the substances

Answer 7

nuclear envelope

Question 8

part of the nucleus that is made of DNA, RNA & proteins

Answer 8

nucleolus

Question 9

fluid inside the cell and contains substances such as enzymes, glycogen, potassium ions

Answer 9

intracellular fluid

Question 10

fluid outside the cell

Answer 10

extracellular fluid

Question 11

type of extracellular fluid between cell within tissue

Answer 11

interstitial fluid

Question 12

type of extracellular fluid within blood vessel

Answer 12

plasma

Question 13

type of extracellular fluid within lymphatic vessel

Answer 13

lymph

Question 14

type of extracellular fluid that surrounds brain and spinal cord

Answer 14

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

No cellular energy required during transport

Answer 15

passive cell transport

Question 16

passive transport: molecules move to equalize concentration; solutes move from an area of high to low concentration

Answer 16

diffusion

Question 17

fluids move from lower solute concentration; movement of water into semi-permeable membrane

Answer 17

osmosis

Question 18

water out of the cell has low concentration

Answer 18

hypotonic solution

Question 19

water in and out of the cell has equal concentration

Answer 19

isotonic solution

Question 20

water out of the cell has greater concentration

Answer 20

hypertonic solution

Question 21

protein binds with molecule; shape of protein changes; moves across membrane

Answer 21

facilitated diffusion

Question 22

cell transport where certain amount of cellular energy is needed

Answer 22

active cell transport

Question 23

active transport: molecular movement; requires energy against gradient

Answer 23

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 24

release material thru vesicular transport mechanism

Answer 24

exocytosis

Question 25

taking in material

Answer 25

endocytosis

Question 26

cells “eat” large particles

Answer 26

phagocytosis

Question 27

cells “drink” = forming small vesicles

Answer 27

pinocytosis

Question 28

first step of cell cycle: somatic cells undergo then mitosis

Answer 28

interphase

Question 29

interphase

Answer 29

G1 – growth phase pt. 1; proteins are synthesized S – DNA is replicated G2 – growth phase pt. 2; proteins are made

Question 30

phase of mitosis where each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at centromere

Answer 30

prophase

Question 31

chromosomes align at center of cell

Answer 31

metaphase

Question 32

chromosomes separate at centromere and migrate to opposite poles

Answer 32

anaphase

Question 33

two nuclei assume normal structure, cell division is done, producing 2 new daughter cells

Answer 33

telophase

Question 34

mitosis produces...

Answer 34

23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid cell)

Question 35

meiosis produces...

Answer 35

22 pairs of chromosomes (1 cell is a sex cell)

Question 36

cell organelle: serves as site of protein synthesis

Answer 36

ribosome

Question 37

cell organelle: Synthesizes proteins and transports them to Golgi apparatus

Answer 37

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

cell organelle: Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium

Answer 38

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

Answer 39

golgi apparatus

Question 40

cell organelle: Contains digestive enzymes

Answer 40

lysosome

Question 41

cell organelle: Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation; breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Answer 41

peroxisome

Question 42

cell organelle: major sites of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available

Answer 42

mitochondria

Question 43

cell organelle: Serve as centers for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella

Answer 43

centrioles

Question 44

cell organelle: Move materials over the surface of cells

Answer 44

cilia

Question 45

cell organelle: Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors

Answer 45

microvilli