Cell Death

Question 1

cell destruction and removal involves

Answer 1

apoptosis or necrosis

Question 2

apoptosis

Answer 2

programmed cell death- highly selective process that eliminates aging or injured cells and controls tissue regenerations

Question 3

necrosis

Answer 3

cell death in an organ or tissue-> loss of cell membrane and enzyme breakdown cell parts and triggers inflammatory response

Question 4

apoptosis is usually physiological but pathological when

Answer 4

apoptosis does not take place when or where it should i.e. cells dies too early or too late then = sign of disease

Question 5

example of apoptosis

Answer 5

destruction of embryonic development, hormone dependent involution of tissues (shrinkage with old age) death of immune cells

Question 6

interference with apoptosis

Answer 6

is known to be a mechanism that contributes to carcinogenesis

Question 7

what other pathological diseases might implicate apoptosis

Answer 7

neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, als

Question 8

diff from apoptosis and necrosis

Answer 8

necrosis causes loss of cell membrane integrity and enzym breakdown cell parts-> triggers inflammatory response (cell swelling)
apoptosis functions in removing cells so that new cells can replace them
necrosis often interferes with cell replacement and tissue regeneration

Question 9

necrosis and energy

Answer 9

necrosis is passive, does not require energy )apoptosis does

Question 10

liquefaction necrosis

Answer 10

bacteria produce toxins and dissolve cell membranes

Question 11

liquefaction necrosis example

Answer 11

trauma/orthopedic trauma/ abbcess

Question 12

coagulation necrosis

Answer 12

occurs in hypoxic injury and infarctions

Question 13

caseous necrosis

Answer 13

occurs in TB granulomas- cell death persists indefinitely

Question 14

gangrene

Answer 14

when a considerable mass of tissues undergoes necrosis

Question 15

dry gangrene

Answer 15

becomes dry, skin shrinks, skin wrinkles, color changes to dark brown or black, slow spread, line of demarcation, on extremities ; usually from interference from arterial blood supply

Question 16

wet gangrene

Answer 16

are is cold, swollen, pulseless, skin is moist, black and under tensions, liquefaction occurs, foul odor from bacteria, rapid spread, no line of demarcation, usually form interference with venous return; usually sever, can cause death

Question 17

gas gangrene

Answer 17

bubbles from inside the skin due to clostridium bacteria; can occur in trauma and compound fractures