Cell Death Flashcards
what is apoptosis
a way in which our cells can kills themselves without causing damage to nearby tissue and no inflammation
what is one of the most dangerous things in the body and has severe consequences
inflammation
what are hallmarks of apoptosis
- the cell membrane shows irregular buds known as blebs
- the cell breaks apart into multiple vesicles called apoptotic bodies, which are then phageocytosed
- cell shrinkage and rounding because of the breakdown of the cytoskeleton
- the cytoplasm appears dense, and the organelles appear tightly packed
- chromatin undergoes condensation into compact patches against the nuclear envelope
- the nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and then DNA inside it is fragmented
ATP11C is a
flippase
Xkr8 is a
scramblase
during apoptosis the PS is no longer restricted to the
cytosolic side by flippase
PS is a tag for
macrophages to “eat” the cell
scramblases do what during apoptosis
catalyzes the rapid exchange of PS between the two sides
what is an annexin
family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins
where does annexin bind and why
to PS to identify apoptotic cells
what is necrosis
cell death
necrosis is a result of
trauma
what happens to PM during necrosis
breaks and contents leak out and adjacent tissues become inflamed
apop or necro: loss of membrane integrity
necrosis
apop or necro: no inflammation
apoptosis
apop or necro: passive process
necrosis