Cell Death Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what is apoptosis

A

a way in which our cells can kills themselves without causing damage to nearby tissue and no inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is one of the most dangerous things in the body and has severe consequences

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are hallmarks of apoptosis

A
  1. the cell membrane shows irregular buds known as blebs
  2. the cell breaks apart into multiple vesicles called apoptotic bodies, which are then phageocytosed
  3. cell shrinkage and rounding because of the breakdown of the cytoskeleton
  4. the cytoplasm appears dense, and the organelles appear tightly packed
  5. chromatin undergoes condensation into compact patches against the nuclear envelope
  6. the nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and then DNA inside it is fragmented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ATP11C is a

A

flippase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Xkr8 is a

A

scramblase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

during apoptosis the PS is no longer restricted to the

A

cytosolic side by flippase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PS is a tag for

A

macrophages to “eat” the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

scramblases do what during apoptosis

A

catalyzes the rapid exchange of PS between the two sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an annexin

A

family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does annexin bind and why

A

to PS to identify apoptotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is necrosis

A

cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

necrosis is a result of

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to PM during necrosis

A

breaks and contents leak out and adjacent tissues become inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

apop or necro: loss of membrane integrity

A

necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

apop or necro: no inflammation

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

apop or necro: passive process

A

necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

apop or necro: swelling of mitochondria and cytoplasm

A

necrosis

18
Q

apop or necro: induced by physiological stimuli

A

apoptosis

19
Q

apop or necro: blebbing of membrane with no loss of integrity

A

apoptosis

20
Q

apoptosis can be initiated from

A

the outside or inside of the cell

21
Q

both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways activate

A

caspase enzymes

22
Q

what is an inactive caspase called

A

procaspase

23
Q

caspases mean

A

cysteine in active site; cleave after aspartic acid residues

24
Q

caspases are made inactive and later

A

turned on

25
Q

what is the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis mediated by

A

fas receptor bound by fas ligand

26
Q

BAX, BID, BAD, BIM, Puma, Noxa are anti or pro

A

pro-apoptotic

27
Q

Bcl-2 and BCL-XL are anti or pro

A

anti-apoptotic

28
Q

IAP is

A

inhibitors of apoptosis proteins

29
Q

SMAC and DIABLO are

A

pro-apoptotic

30
Q

intrinsic pathway involves

A

cytochrome C release from mitochondria

31
Q

what inhibits cytochrome c from being released

A

BA

32
Q

what regulates intrinsic apoptosis

A

Bcl-2

33
Q

SMAC is a

A

second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase

34
Q

DIABLO is a

A

direct IAP binding protein with low pI

35
Q

the extrinsic pathway also activated the

A

intrinsic pathway

36
Q

how does the extrinsic pathway activate the intrinsic pathway

A

by activating BAX and BAK

37
Q

by activating BAX and BAK you are tipping

A

the balance towards pro-apoptosis

38
Q

why does in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway occur together

A

to ensure apoptosis occurs

39
Q

apoptosis is very important for

A

immune system specificity

40
Q

apoptosis is not just required for

A

damaged cells

41
Q

in early embryonic development fingers and toes were webbed but later on

A

apoptosis removed cells for webbing